摘要
中意关系在20世纪30年代经历了一段"黄金时期"。一方面,意大利法西斯掌权并巩固国内政权之后开始积极寻求对外扩张,认为参与中国事务有利可图;另一方面,中国为经济和国防建设,尤其是抵抗日本的独占野心而努力寻求对外合作。意大利最初抓住国联对华技术合作之机,以"公平分配"和技术实力为由要求参与对华合作项目;而后,孔祥熙、宋子文访意并提出经济合作计划,意方兴趣浓厚。但意大利法西斯政府内部对该计划意见不一,原因在于意大利资本主义经济发展迟滞,无法承担"巨额"投入背后的风险;同时,意大利的战略重点仍在欧洲,不愿在远东牵涉过深,且中日战争有助于转移欧洲列强注意力。中国当时局势动荡,意中经济合作计划提出者宋子文辞去财政部长职务,合作谈判最终无果。意中经济合作计划虽有"合作"之名,其本质仍是法西斯意大利在华进行的帝国主义扩张。经济合作计划的目的不仅是经济利益,更旨在实现意中两国当时政治外交上的战略目标。
The Sino-Italian relations experienced a’golden period’(anni d’oro)in the 1930s.On the one hand,after the Fascists came to power and consolidated their regime,they began to actively seek foreign expansion,believing that it was profitable to participate in affairs of China.On the other,China sought foreign cooperation for the economic and national defense construction,especially against Japan’s exclusive ambition.Italy initially took advantage of the technical cooperation between the League of Nations and China to request participation on the grounds of’fair distribution’and its technical strength.As Kong Xiangxi and Song Ziwen visited Italy and put forward an economic cooperation plan,it was of great interest to Italy.But there was disagreement within the Fascist government over that plan since Italy’s capitalist economy was too weak to bear the risks of’huge’investment.Meanwhile,Italy’s strategic focus remained on Europe and the Mediterranean and it was unwilling to get involved too much in the Far East.Besides,the Sino-Japanese conflicts could help to divert the great powers’attention from Europe.In addition,the volatile situation in China at that time,the resignation of Song Ziwen from the Financial Minister who proposed the Italy-China economic cooperation plan,led to the ultimate failure of the cooperation negotiations.Despite the name of’cooperation’,it was still the imperialistic expansion of Fascist Italy in China.In conclusion,the economic cooperation plan was fundamentally subject to the political and diplomatic strategy of the two countries.
出处
《世界历史》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期37-49,161,共14页
World History
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“意大利统一之后民族国家与治理体系建构研究(1870—1914)”(批准文号:20CSS030)
国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大研究专项“世界资本主义史研究”(批准文号:20@WTZ008)的阶段性成果。
