摘要
针对呼伦贝尔地区草原生态环境保护和煤炭资源开发的双重需求,以宝日希勒矿区为例开展了煤炭资源开发生态环境影响评价研究,确定了宝日希勒露天煤矿对周边草原生态的影响方式和范围。研究分析了30余年来呼伦贝尔草原生态的演化特征,认为水分是草原植被退化的首要限制因子,全球气候变化带来的气温升高、过度放牧、城镇化、矿产开发、农业生产等因素也直接和间接地造成草原植被退化与逆向演替。根据宝日希勒矿区的特点,基于草原区生态本底与景观生态服务功能,建立了草原区景观生态健康CVORE评价模型与景观干扰识别方法,发现放牧对区域景观生态健康的影响比煤炭开采更为显著,露天煤矿对草原区景观生态健康程度的影响距离为1~2 km;获取了煤炭开采对典型生态因子的影响范围,认为煤炭开发对地表生态变化的影响强度大但范围有限,对植被指数、植物优势物种等指示生态因子的最大影响范围为2 km,且植被密度、有机质和速效磷含量均服从正态分布,其中矿区植被密度空间变异受资源开发利用、放牧等随机因素影响较大,受地形、成土母质等结构性要素影响较小;对土壤养分及土壤湿度的影响距离为1 km,且表层土壤中细菌总量和放线菌数量显著降低、真菌数量变化不明显,短时间干扰仅显著影响过氧化氢酶的活性。
Aiming at the dual needs of grassland ecological environment protection and coal resources development in Hulun Buir area,taking Baorixile mining area as an example,the ecological environment impact assessment of coal resources development was studied,and the impact mode and scope of Baorixile open-pit coal mine on the surrounding grassland ecology were determined.The evolution characteristics of Hulun Buir grassland ecology in the past 30 years were studied and analyzed.It was considered that water was the primary limiting factor of grassland vegetation degradation.Temperature rise caused by global climate change,overgrazing,urbanization,mineral development,agricultural production and other factors had also directly and indirectly caused grassland vegetation degradation and reverse succession.According to the characteristics of Baorixile mining area,and based on the grassland ecological background and landscape ecological service function,the grassland landscape ecological health CVORE evaluation model and landscape interference identification method were established,and it was found that grazing had more significant impact on regional landscape ecological health than coal mining,and the influence distance of open-pit mine on grassland landscape ecological health degree was 1~2 km;the influence range of coal mining on typical ecological factors was achieved,it was considered that the impact of coal development on surface ecological change was strong but limited,and the maximum influence range on vegetation index,plant dominant species and other indicator ecological factors was 2 km,and the vegetation density,organic matter and available phosphorus content followed normal distribution,in which the spatial variation of vegetation density in mining area was greatly affected by resource development and utilization,grazing,and less affected by structural factors such as terrain and soil forming parent material;the influence distance on soil nutrients and soil moisture was 1 km,and the total amount of bacteria and the
作者
孟峰
张周爱
陈树召
MENG Feng;ZHANG Zhouai;CHEN Shuzhao(China Energy Baorixile Energy Co.,Ltd.,Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia 021000,China;China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China)
出处
《中国煤炭》
2021年第9期16-25,共10页
China Coal
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0501100)。
关键词
生态影响
生态要素
草原退化
宝日希勒矿区
露天煤矿
ecological impact
ecological elements
grassland degradation
Baorixile mining area
open-pit coal mine
