摘要
能源对于一国的战略意义不言而喻,合理开发利用页岩气成为我国能源发展的新方向,对于满足我国能源消费需求、实现能源可持续发展具有重要意义。但是,页岩气开发中还需要考虑到对生态环境造成的不良影响,而我国现有的环境保护法律法规和制度并不能完全解决开发页岩气可能带来的特殊环境问题。美国是世界上最早开发利用页岩气的国家,其页岩气开发中的环境保护制度较为完善,因此有必要借鉴美国的先进经验并建立符合我国国情的页岩气开发环境保护法律制度。首先从可持续发展的角度,阐述了开发页岩气有利于保障国家能源安全、满足能源消费需求和促进节能减排的重要意义;然后分析了我国页岩气开发中的环保立法现状及其不足;随后总结了美国页岩气开发中环境保护相关的制度体系和监管机制,如美国出台了系列环保法律,制定了环境影响评价制度、排污许可制度和信息公开制度等管理政策,并形成了"以州为主,联邦调控""政监分离"等独具特色的环境保护监管机制,这些先进经验均值得我国借鉴;最后,在此基础上,提出了完善我国页岩气开发中相关的环境保护法律法规和标准规范、建立页岩气开发中环境保护制度的框架、加强对页岩气开发中环境保护监督三方面的建议,以促进我国页岩气开发的可持续发展。
The strategic significance of energy for a country is self-evident.In recent years,the rational development and utilization of shale gas has become a new direction for China’s energy development.This new type of energy is of great significance to meet China’s energy consumption needs and achieve sustainable energy development.However,shale gas development needs to take into account the adverse effects on the ecological environment.The existing laws of environmental protection in China,regulations and institutional framework cannot completely solve the special problems brought about by the development of shale gas.The United States is the first country in the world to develop and utilize this new type of energy,and has been relatively perfect in the environmental protection legal system for shale gas development.Therefore,the studying keystone of this paper is using for reference of the advanced experience of the United States and establishing a legal system for environmental protection of shale gas development in line with China’s national conditions.Firstly,from the perspective of sustainable development,the paper expounds that the development of shale gas is beneficial to ensuring national energy security,meeting energy consumption demand,and promoting energy saving and emission reduction.Secondly,the paper analyzes the current situation and existing deficiencies of environment-protection legislation and supervision mechanism of shale gas development in China.Then,the paper summarizes and analyzes the relevant institutional systems and supervision mechanisms in the United States.The United States has issued a series of environmental protection laws,formulated management policies such as environmental impact assessment system,discharge permit system and information opening system,and formed unique supervision mechanisms such as"state-dominated,federal regulatory"and"separation of government and supervision".These advanced experiences are worth referring to for China.Finally,on the basis of the previous sum
作者
张艳芳
孙峥祎
齐坤伟
ZHANG Yanfang;SUN Zhengyi;QI Kunwei(School of Public Administration 9China University of Geosciences(Jffuhan),Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《安全与环境工程》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期154-160,175,共8页
Safety and Environmental Engineering
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJC820090)。
关键词
页岩气开发
环境保护
法律制度
经验借鉴
对策建议
shale gas development
environmental protection
legal system
experience
countermeasure and suggestion
