摘要
目的分析2017—2019年北京市顺义区狂犬疫苗接种门诊动物致伤暴露人群资料,为预防和控制狂犬病提供依据。方法收集2017年1月—2019年12月北京市顺义区狂犬疫苗接种门诊动物致伤暴露者登记资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2017年1月—2019年12月北京市顺义区报告动物致伤者47 428例,年均暴露率为1 429.36/10万,暴露率呈逐年上升趋势(χ趋势2=53.63,P<0.01);分布有明显的季节性,5—8月居多;女性略高于男性,男女性别比为0.97∶1;20~<30岁组致伤比例最高,其次为30~<40岁组和40~<50岁组,比例分别为24.38%、16.20%和15.01%;以在职人员、农民和学生居多,占暴露总数的85.75%;暴露级别主要为Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级暴露,分别占暴露人群的64.48%和35.00%,III级暴露人群使用免疫球蛋白逐年上升(χ趋势2=126.37,P<0.01);伤人动物以犬为主,占65.23%。结论 2017—2019年北京市顺义区动物致伤暴露率呈逐年上升趋势,应继续加大狂犬病预防控制知识宣传力度,对于重点人群,通过信息化手段宣传狂犬病的相关知识,提高狂犬病暴露者预防接种的依从性,提示再次暴露的风险,从而有效预防狂犬病发生。
Objective To analyze the data of exposed population caused by animal injuries in rabies vaccination clinic in Shunyi District of Beijing from 2017-2019,provide basis for the prevention and control of rabies. Methods The registration data of exposed people caused by animal injuries in rabies vaccination clinic in Shunyi District of Beijing from January 2017 to December 2019 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results Totally 47 428 exposure cases of animal injuries were reported in Shunyi District of Beijing from January 2017 to December 2019,with an average annual exposure rate of 1 429.36/lakh. The exposure rate increased year by year (χtrend2=53.63,P <0.01 ). The distribution was obviously seasonal,mostly from May to August. Females were slightly higher than males,and the sex ratio of male to female was 0.97 ∶1. The injury rate was the highest in 20-<30 year-old group,followed by 30-<40 year-old group and 40-<50 year-old group,the proportion was24.38%,16.20% and 15.1%,respectively. Most of the cases were in-service personnel,farmers and students,accounting for85.75% of total exposure cases. The exposure levels were mainly grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ,accounting for 64.48% and 35.0% of the exposed population respectively. The use of immunoglobulin increased year by year among grade Ⅲ exposed population( χtrend2=126.37,P<0.01). Dogs were the main injuring animals,accounting for 65.23%. Conclusion The exposure rate of animal injuries in Shunyi District of Beijing is gradually rising from 2017-2019. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the education of rabies prevention and control knowledge,publicize the relevant knowledge of rabies in key population through information means,improve the compliance of vaccination of rabies exposure people,and suggest the risk of re-exposure,in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of rabies.
作者
黄蓉
彭枭然
王凤双
肖雷
张松建
HUANG Rong;PENG Xiao-ran;WANG Feng-shuang;XIAO Lei;ZHANG Song-jian(Department of Immunization Planning,Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,101300,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2021年第14期1954-1957,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
动物致伤
暴露
监测
流行病学特征
Animal injuries
Exposure
Surveillance
Epidemiological characteristics
