摘要
2016年5月6—8日受地面冷锋前、后不同天气系统影响,铜仁连续发生了两次不同特点的强降水过程。利用常规气象观测资料、自动站资料、NCEP再分析资料及卫星、雷达资料,对这两次强降水天气过程的大尺度环流背景和热力及水汽输送条件、中小尺度特征进行对比分析。结果表明:冷锋前后,由于温湿条件不同、系统配置不同,中小尺度系统强度不同,导致铜仁发生了不同的天气现象。5月6日强降水是一次强对流天气过程,降雨强度大,前期水汽条件较差呈“上干下湿”状,且能量充足,大气层结不稳定触发了强对流天气的发生,强回波伸展高度远远超过0℃和-20℃层高度,呈现回波悬垂和弱回波区特征,并伴随有强的中气旋出现,则利于局地暴雨、冰雹出现;5月8日夜间以稳定性降水为主,大气层结比较稳定,暴雨前、后湿层都较厚,且低空存在西南急流,为暴雨提供了重要的水汽和动力条件。同时回波强度较弱,伸展高度低,以液态降水为主。
Affected by different weather systems before and after the ground cold front on May 6-8,2016,Tongren experienced two successive heavy precipitation processes with different characteristics.Using conventional meteorological observation data,automatic station data,NCEP reanalysis data and satellite and radar data,the large-scale circulation background,thermal and water vapor transport conditions,and medium-and small-scale characteristics of the two heavy precipitation weather processes were compared and analyzed.The results show that before and after the cold front,due to different temperature and humidity conditions,different system configurations,and different strengths of small and medium-scale systems,different weather phenomena occurred in Tongren.The heavy rainfall on May 6 was a severe convective weather process.The rainfall intensity was high,and the previous water vapor conditions were poor.It was“upper dry and lower wet”,and the energy was sufficient.The unstable atmospheric stratification triggered the occurrence of strong convective weather and strong echoes.The extension height far exceeds the height of the 0℃and-20℃layer,showing the characteristics of echo overhang and weak echo zone,and accompanied by strong mid-cyclone,which is conducive to the appearance of local heavy rain and hail;And on the night of May 8 stable precipitation is the main factor,the stratification of the atmosphere is relatively stable,the wet layer is thick before and after the heavy rain,and the southwest jet exists at low altitude,which provides important water vapor and dynamic conditions for the heavy rain.At the same time,the echo intensity is weak,the extension height is low,and it is mainly liquid precipitation.
作者
张祝
杨群
茅海祥
付瑞滢
张李娟
冉光镜
ZHANG Zhu(Tongren Meteorological Bureau of Guizhou Province,Tongren,Guizhou 554300)
出处
《农业灾害研究》
2021年第5期43-47,共5页
Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology
基金
贵州省气象局气象科技开放研究基金项目(黔气科合KF[2017]15号)
中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2020-116)。
关键词
暴雨
对比分析
强对流
Heavy rain
Comparative analysis
Strong convection
