摘要
Record ozone loss was observed in the Arctic stratosphere in spring 2020.This study aims to determine what caused the extreme Arctic ozone loss.Observations and simulation results are examined in order to show that the extreme Arctic ozone loss was likely caused by record-high sea surface temperatures(SSTs)in the North Pacific.It is found that the record Arctic ozone loss was associated with the extremely cold and persistent stratospheric polar vortex over February-April,and the extremely cold vortex was a result of anomalously weak planetary wave activity.Further analysis reveals that the weak wave activity can be traced to anomalously warm SSTs in the North Pacific.Both observations and simulations show that warm SST anomalies in the North Pacific could have caused the weakening of wavenumber-1 wave activity,colder Arctic vortex,and lower Arctic ozone.These results suggest that for the present-day level of ozone-depleting substances,severe Arctic ozone loss could form again,as long as certain dynamic conditions are satisfied.
基金
We thank Dr.Jian YUE for helpful com-ments.This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.41888101.Y.XIA is supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP),Grant No.2019QZKK0604,Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observa-tion(LAGEO-2020-09)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
