摘要
相比于传统合金的设计方法及性能规律,高熵合金这种新兴材料体系的出现,提供了一种新的研究发展思路,且在各应用领域上表现出了极好的性能及发展潜力,为合金领域注入了新的活力。以涂层这一领域为重点,简要介绍了高熵合金的定义,解释了其基本的四大核心效应(高熵效应、迟滞扩散效应、晶格畸变效应以及“鸡尾酒”效应),以及近年来研究者们对此的新理解、新拓展,发现这种特殊的随机结构中依然存在许多目前仍未深入研究及理解的特性及规律,不能准确预测及控制物相组成的取向。从不同的强化方式出发,以材料体系设计、第二相掺杂、工艺处理三方面进行分类,重点阐述了高熵合金涂层这一体系在摩擦学方向上的研究与应用,总结各自的强化机制。通过探讨不同元素组成、复合方法、制备工艺及后处理手段下的具体表现,总结影响涂层表面摩擦学性能的关键因素,发现新的提升减摩耐磨性能的可行性或研究潜力。目前存在的主要不足有:基础理论研究不够系统全面,工业应用上对于涂层成形质量的控制与传统合金的精确度仍有较大差距,在自润滑复合体系上的探索仍比较局限。以上这些方面的工作都将是摩擦学领域研究的重点。
Compared with the design methods and performance laws of traditional alloys,a new material system high-entropy alloys(HEA),provides new research and development ideas,and has shown excellent performance and potential in various application fields,which injects new vitality for the alloy field.This paper focused on the field of coatings,briefly introduced the definition of high-entropy alloys,and explained its four basic core effects(high-entropy effect,sluggish diffusion effect,lattice distortion effect and“cocktail”effect)with new understanding and expansion of the researches in recent years.Then it was found that there were still many characteristics and laws in the special random structure,which had not yet been thoroughly studied and understood,so that the orientation of the phase composition still cannot be accurately predicted and controlled.Starting from different strengthening methods,the tribological researches were classified according to three points including material system design,second phase doping,and process treatment,researches and applications of high-entropy alloy coating in the field of tribology were illustrated,and the respective strengthening mechanisms were summarized.By discussing the specific performance of different element compositions,composite methods,preparation processes and post-treatment methods,the key factors affecting the tribological properties of the coating surface were summarized,and new feasibility or research potentials for improving the friction and wear resistance of the coating were explored.Finally,the shortcomings of high-entropy alloy coatings in current research were discussed.The main opinions were that the basic theoretical researches were not systematic and comprehensive,so that there was still a large gap compared with traditional alloys in fields of precise control and coating quality for industrial applications.And the explorations of the self-lubricating composite systems were still relatively limited,therefore the above work will be the focus of resea
作者
刘一帆
常涛
刘秀波
祝杨
王港
孟元
梁金
谢继昌
LIU Yi-fan;CHANG Tao;LIU Xiu-bo;ZHU Yang;WANG Gang;MENG Yuan;LIANG Jin;XIE Ji-chang(Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Materials Surface/Interface Science&Technology,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,China;Xi’an Aerospace Propulsion Institute,Xi’an 710100,China;State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Laboratoire Roberval,Universitéde Technologie de Compiègne,Compiègne 60203,France)
出处
《表面技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第8期156-169,共14页
Surface Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金(52075559)
中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所固体润滑国家重点实验开放基金(LSL-1802)
辽宁省航发材料摩擦学重点实验室开放基金(LKLAMTF202101)
中国奖学金委员会(201808120131)。
关键词
高熵合金
涂层
摩擦学性能
体系设计
优势
局限
high-entropy alloy
coatings
tribological properties
material systems design
application advantages
limitations
