摘要
[目的]立足河套灌区气候和土壤条件,研究春玉米膜侧种植的可行性,在保证玉米高产的情况下提高地膜回收效率。[方法]通过对3种不同的种植模式下土壤0-10cm地温及玉米的生育性状、产量、地膜回收率进行比较分析。[结果](1)玉米播种期至苗期,下午3时地膜各位点地温差异较大,膜中地温最高,膜边次之,膜侧最低;(2)膜侧种植玉米平均保苗率与常规种植基本持平,产量较对照略有降低,差异不显著;(3)提早揭膜有利于提高玉米产量,拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽穗期揭膜玉米产量较常规膜下种植分别增产79.3、46.0、41.1 kg/mu,增产率分别达到9.6%、5.6%、5.0%;(4)膜侧种植地膜回收率达到73%,远高于常规种植模式。[结论]膜侧播种技术使膜内的温度高于露地而起到保温作用,且能有效提高地膜的回收效率,较常规种植方式提高112%,河套灌区应用膜侧种植技术不影响玉米的出苗、正常生长及产量,尤其是提早揭膜更是有利于提高玉米产量,对农业增产、降低地膜污染有积极的作用。
[Objectives]Based on the climate and soil conditions in Hetao irrigation area,this study studies the feasibility of spring corn membrane side planting and improves the plastic film recycling efficiency with ensuring the high yield of corn.[Methods]Comparative analysis of fertility,yield and plastic film recovery of 0-10 cm and maize in 3 different planting modes.[Results](1)Corn sowing period to the seedling period,At 3 p.m.,the ground temperature is quite different,Maxhighest ground temperature,Memmembrane membrane,Minimum membrane side;The average seedling preservation rate of(2)membrane-side planting corn is basically equal to that of conventional planting,Production was slightly lower from the controls,Differdifference is significant;(3)Early film exposure is conducive to improving corn production,The yield of exposed corn during extraction,loudspeaker and ears extraction increased by 79.3,46.0 and 41.1 kg/mu compared with conventional membrane planting,The yield rate reached 9.6%,5.6%and 5.0%respectively;(4)The recovery rate of membrane side plastic film planting reached 73%,Far higher than the conventional planting mode.[Conclusions]Membrane side seeding technology makes the temperature in the film is higher than the dew and play a heat preservation role,and can effectively improve the recycling efficiency of plastic film,improve 112%compared with conventional planting methods,membrane side planting technology in the Hetao irrigation area does not affect corn seedlings,normal growth and production,especially early film is conducive to improve corn production,has a positive role in agricultural production and reduce plastic film pollution.
作者
郝云风
赵娜
冯君伟
张向前
马俊
李晓红
刘晓东
HAO Yun-feng(Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Sciences,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015100)
出处
《园艺与种苗》
CAS
2021年第7期59-61,共3页
Horticulture & Seed
基金
自治区科技重大专项“农牧交错区农田污染防治与可持续利用关键技术研究与示范”[2019ZD009(2019-2021)]
内蒙古创新引导奖励基金“退化农田生态修复与污染治理关键技术研究与示范”[KCBJ2018056(2018-2020)]。
关键词
春玉米
膜侧种植
地膜
产量
Spring corn
Membrane side planting
Mulfilm
Yield
