摘要
【目的】新疆棉花种植中存在肥料用量较多和不合理施用带来的肥料利用率低问题,建立基于产量反应和效率的棉花推荐施肥方法棉花养分专家系统(Nutrient Expert for Cotton,NE),研究其在棉花上的应用效果。【方法】2020年,田间试验在库尔勒市和尉犁县,共设置7个处理,分别为棉花养分专家系统推荐施肥(NE),在棉花养分专家系统推荐施肥(NE)的基础上设置减素处理包括不施氮(NE-N)、不施磷(NE-P)和不施钾(NE-K)处理,以及测土配方施肥(OPTS)、习惯施肥(FP)和不施任何肥料(CK)。【结果】库尔勒市和尉犁县试验点,棉花养分专家系统推荐NE处理与OPTS处理、FP处理籽棉产量差异均不显著,NE处理分别比FP处理增产4.0%和4.2%,经济效益提高11.34%和9.96%。NE处理促进了棉花对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用。库尔勒市和尉犁县NE处理氮磷钾肥偏生产力分别为31.0、49.0、67.4 kg/kg和27.2、59.0、59.5 kg/kg,两地氮磷肥偏生产力显著高于FP处理,在库尔勒市钾肥偏生产力显著高FP处理,而尉犁县高于FP处理,但差异不显著;库尔勒市和尉犁县2个试验点,氮磷肥农学效率NE处理显著高于FP处理,钾肥农学效率均NE处理和FP处理差异不显著。库尔勒市氮磷钾肥农学利用效率分别为6.5、3.8、3.2 kg/kg;尉犁县氮磷钾肥农学利用效率分别为13.8、9.9、11.2 kg/kg;库尔勒市和尉犁县NE处理氮磷钾肥回收利用率分别为42.3%、10.7%、32.2%和54.0%、8.1%、29.1%,均显著高于FP处理,分别提高23.7、8.5、19.6和28.1、6.7、7.5个百分点。【结论】棉花养分专家系统指导优化了氮、磷、钾肥的施用量和施用方法,不仅增加了产量,提高了经济效益,而且促进了棉花对氮磷钾养分的吸收、利用和棉田土壤养分平衡,提高了肥料利用率。
【Objective】Aimed at the present situation of more fertilizer consumption and unreasonable application in cotton planting in Xinjiang,a cotton nutrient expert system(Nutrient Expert for Cotton,NE)has been established to study its application effect on cotton.【Methods】In 2020,field trials were carried out in Korla and Yuli.A total of 7 experiment fields were set up,and they were all fertilized differently.One field was fertilized by completely following the recommendation of cotton nutrient expert system.Three fields were fertilized the similar way but without nitrogen(NE-N),phosphorus or potassium.Two were fertilized by soil testing formula and farmers'habitual way.The last one was not fertilized at all.【Results】The results showed that in the experimental sites in Korla and Yuli,there were barely any crop yield differences between the fields fertilized by following the cotton nutrient expert system and OPTS treatment,and FP methods.NE treatments increased the yield by 4.0%and 4.2%respectively compared with FP treatment,and improved the economic benefit by11.34%and 9.96%.NE treatment promoted the absorption and utilization of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium by cotton,and realized the balance of soil nutrients.The partial productivity of NE treated nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in Korla and Yuli were 31.0,49.0,67.4 kg/kg and 27.2,59.0,59.5 kg/kg,and the partial productivity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the two places was significantly higher than that of FP treatment.In Korla,the partial productivity of potassium fertilizer was significantly higher than that of FP treatment,while Yuli was higher than FP treatment,but the difference was not significant;For Korla and Yuli,the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer NE treatment at these two experimental fields was significantly higher than that of FP treatment.In Korla,NE treatment was significantly higher than that of FP treatment,and the difference between NE treatment and FP treatment in Yuli was not sign
作者
孙绘健
姚青青
何忠盛
王东力
哈丽哈什·依巴提
张炎
SUN Huijian;YAO Qingqing;HE Zhengsheng;WANG Dongli;Halihashi Yibati;ZHANG Yan(Bazhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Korla Xinjiang 841000,China;Research Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,MOARA,Urumqi 830091,China)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第8期1406-1417,共12页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200102,2017YFD0201900)
农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201702)。
关键词
棉花
养分
专家系统
产量
肥料效率
cotton
nutrient
expert system
yield
fertilizer efficiency
