摘要
随着全球化发展,外商直接投资(FDI)已成为企业技术进步的重要来源。本文采用1998—2013年中国农业企业面板数据,将FDI对企业全要素生产率的溢出效应分解为6个渠道,基于CDM模型考察了FDI生产率溢出中创新的中介作用。结果表明,FDI对农业企业生产率存在显著为正的竞争效应和前向溢出,同时还存在负向示范效应、人员流动效应、后向溢出和逆向溢出。此外,在FDI对农业企业生产率的溢出中,创新起到了较强的遮掩作用,减少了负向溢出对企业生产率的影响。最后,上游FDI的正向溢出主要来自于外商独资企业而非合资企业。因此,政府应鼓励外商独资企业进入农业上游领域,鼓励企业产出专利;同时国内企业应提高对人才的吸引力,并努力缩小与外企的技术差距,以获得正向FDI溢出效应。
With the advent of modern globalization, foreign direct investment(FDI) has become an important source of technological progress for enterprises. Using the panel data of Chinese agricultural enterprises from 1998 to 2013, this paper decomposes the spillover effects of FDI on the total factor productivity(TFP) of domestic agricultural enterprises into six channels. Based on the CDM model, we examine the mediating role of innovation in FDI productivity spillovers. The results show that FDI has positive competition effects and forward spillovers on the TFP of domestic agricultural enterprises, while the demonstration, labor turnover effects, backward and supply-backward FDI spillovers are significantly negative. Also, there are mediating effects of innovation in FDI productivity spillovers, which could reduce the impact of negative FDI spillovers on TFP. Finally, the positive forward spillover mainly comes from wholly foreign-owned enterprises rather than joint ventures. Therefore, the government should encourage wholly foreign-owned enterprises to enter the upstream sector of agriculture and encourage agricultural enterprises to produce patents. At the same time, domestic enterprises should increase their attractiveness of skilled laborers and narrow the technology gap with foreign companies.
出处
《农业技术经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第8期32-51,共20页
Journal of Agrotechnical Economics
基金
国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(国家留学基金)(编号:201806350020)。
关键词
FDI溢出
创新
全要素生产率
农业企业
中介效应
FDI spillover
Innovation
Total factor productivity
Agricultural enterprises
Mediating effect
