摘要
近年来,临床医疗技术得到不断发展与进步,重症监护室呼吸机使用频率明显提高,对危急患者的抢救具有积极意义,但是在临床实践过程中会出现一系列并发症,对患者健康产生不利影响。呼吸机相关性肺炎主要是指患者进行48 h辅助通气至拔管后48 h内出现的肺部感染情况,是医院获得性肺炎的重要类型。其中早发性呼吸机相关性肺炎是指机械通气≤4 d内发生的肺炎,晚发性呼吸机相关性肺炎是指机械通气≥5 d出现的肺炎。患者一旦发生呼吸机相关性肺炎,则易造成呼吸困难,从而延长住院时间,严重者甚至威胁患者生命。临床研究结果显示,呼吸机相关性肺炎的患病率及病死率较高。鉴于疾病的致病菌、临床诊断与治疗不同于一般的肺炎,加上其病死率高,近年来国内外对呼吸机相关性肺炎的研究受到重视。有效的护理干预可以降低其并发症发生率,对患者康复具有积极意义。本文主要综述了重症监护室预防呼吸机相关性肺炎的护理研究进展,为临床治疗提供参考依据。
In recent years,with the continuous development and progress of clinical medical technology,the use frequency of ventilator in ICU has been significantly increased,which has positive significance for the rescue of patients at risk.However,a series of complications will appear in the process of clinical practice,which has adverse effects on the health of patients.Ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)mainly refers to the pulmonary infection from 48 hours of auxiliary ventilation to 48 hours after extubation.It is an important type of hospital acquired pneumonia.Early-onset VAP refers to the pneumonia that occurs less than or equal to 4 days after mechanical ventilation,while late-onset VAP refers to pneumonia that occurs after mechanical ventilation for more than or equal to 5 days.Once patients suffer from VAP,it is easy to cause difficulty in offline,thus prolonging the length of hospital stay,and even threatening the life safety of patients.Clinical research results show that the prevalence and mortality of VAP are high.In view of the fact that the pathogenic bacteria,clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease are different from general pneumonia,and the high mortality rate,the research on ventilator-associated pneumonia at home and abroad has received attention in recent years.Effective nursing intervention can reduce the incidence of complications,which has positive significance for the rehabilitation of patients.This article mainly summarizes the nursing research progress of prevention of VAP in ICU,and to provide reference basis for clinical treatment.
作者
王冉
WANG Ran(Department of Emergency Medicine,Binhai Hospital,General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300480,China)
出处
《中国城乡企业卫生》
2021年第6期31-33,共3页
Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene
关键词
重症监护室
呼吸机相关性肺炎
护理
研究进展
Intensive care unit
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Nursing
Research progress
