摘要
为了减少土壤硝态氮的积累,防止苹果缺钙症状的发生,该研究以果园清耕为对照,探讨渭北旱塬果园自然生草(繁缕和牛繁缕群落,自然生草2、4、6和8 a)对土壤有机质、全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、水溶性钙含量和苹果果实中的氮、磷、钾、钙含量及果实缺钙症状和果实品质等的影响。结果表明果园自然生草可提高0~40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮和水溶性钙的含量,略微提高40~60 cm土层土壤水溶性钙含量,且自然生草年限越长,土壤有机质、全氮和水溶性钙含量越高,但对40 cm土层以下的土壤有机质、全氮和60 cm土层以下的土壤水溶性钙含量无显著影响。自然生草2和4 a 0~60 cm土层土壤铵态氮略低于清耕,6和8 a的略高于清耕,自然生草对土壤铵态氮无显著影响。自然生草2、4、6和8 a 0~80 cm土层土壤硝态氮较清耕分别降低16.28%,31.31%,40.13%和47.41%,均极显著低于(P<0.01)清耕;>80~240 cm土层分别降低4.38%,12.41%,16.90%和19.39%,自然生草4、6和8 a的均极显著低于(P<0.01)清耕;但自然生草对240 cm以下土层土壤硝态氮基本无影响。不同生长年限自然生草的生物量、全碳、全氮、全磷、全钾和全钙均基本相同。自然生草提高了果实中的钙含量,降低了果实中的氮钙比、磷钙比和钾钙比,降低了果实缺钙症状的发生率,提高了果实着色面积、果实硬度和果实可溶性固形物含量。渭北旱塬果园自然生草,可有效提高果园土壤有机质,减少硝态氮积累,减少缺钙症状发生,提高果实品质。
Weibei dry plateau of western China is an important production base of high-quality apples in the world.But a large amount of nitrogenous chemical fertilizer is normally applied to promote the growth of fruit trees and yield in orchards,due mainly to the low content of organic matter in soil in recent years.An accumulation layer of nitrate nitrogen in soil inevitably incurred to break the supply balance of soil nutrients,leading to the physiological diseases of fruit trees and soil environmental pollution.Alternatively,the self-sown grass can be widely expected to enhance the soil organic matter,nutrient,and moisture in the local ecological environment,suitable for a better-balanced supply of soil nutrients,fruit quality and yield.This study aims to systematically investigate the effects of self-sown grass on soil nitrogen and apple quality in the Weibei dry plateau.The self-sown grass(Stellaria media and Malachium aquaticum community)of 2,4,6,and 8 years was taken as the research object,with the clean tillage as control.Some parameters were continuously monitored,including the soil organic matter,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,and available calcium content,as well as the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and calcium in apple fruit,together with the fruit yields and quality.The results showed that the self-sown grass contributed to the increase of the organic matter,total nitrogen and available calcium content in the soil layer of 0-40 cm in the apple orchard.The soil available calcium content also slightly increased in the soil layer of 40-60 cm.There were much higher organic matter,total nitrogen and available calcium content in the soil,as the years of self-sown grass increased.But there was no effect on the organic matter and total nitrogen content in the soil layer below 40 cm and the available calcium in the soil layer below 60 cm.In addition,the ammonium nitrogen contents of self-sown grass of 2 and 4 years in the soil layer of 0-60 cm were slightly lower than that of clean tilla
作者
白岗栓
周楠
邵发琦
杜建会
郭江平
Bai Gangshuan;Zhou Nan;Shao Faqi;Du Jianhui;Guo Jiangping(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China;Logistical System,Jiangnan University,Wuxi,214122,China;Bureau of Forestry and Grassland of Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture,Bortala 833400,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第10期100-109,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划“黄土高原生态修复模式的格局-结构-功能关系”(2016YFC0501602)
延安山仑院士工作站科研项目“黄土高原经济林(果)节水增效技术与绿色发展”(20181201)。
关键词
土壤
氮肥
自然生草
苹果
土壤水溶性钙
缺钙症状
果实品质
soils
nitrogen fertilizers
self-sown grass
apple
soil available calcium
fruit calcium deficiency symptoms
fruit quality
