摘要
童子科,又称“童子法”,是晚唐以降随着黄箓斋的兴起而产生的一种仪式性法术。不过,童子科并未形成一套独立、完整的仪式流程,而是附属于发奏、召摄、破狱、炼度等重要仪式场合中,并采用焚符、诵咒、宣牒等方式召摄童子降坛或显形,责令其领受指示、履行使命,前往特定机构或场所完成某项任务。“童子”是童子科的主角,其中比较有代表性的有察命童子、监魂童子、引魂童子、四季童子、五方灵童、泰玄真一本际童子、善恶童子、赍简童子、合符童子等。童子科是以童子附体降神法术在南方地区的广泛传播为前提的,更得益于东华派、天心派等新兴道派的推动,并借助宋元道教黄箓斋的普及而迅速流行开来。但因其先天带有强烈的草根性特征,童子科也遭到了一些传统守旧派高道的批评与抵制。
Boy Rule,also known as"Boy Approach",is a ritualized magic art that emerged with the rise of Huang Lu Zhai since the late Tang Dynasty.However,there was not a complete and independent set of ritual processes for Boy Rule.It was integrated in important ritual scenes such as reporting to the king,calling for the soul.of the dead,opening the hell and saving the dead,and releasing souls from suffering.The Taoists burned magic figures,sung curses,read official notes or used other methods to make souls appear on the Boys'bodies on the altars and order the souls to perform specific tasks in specific organizations or places."Boy"is the central part of Boy Rule and its representatives include Destiny Observation Boy,Soul Supervision Boy,Soul Calling Boy,Four-Season Boy,Five-Direction Boy,Taixuan Zhenyi Benji Boy,Good-Evil Boy,Messenger Boy,Magic Figure Confirmation Boy,etc.The Boy Rule was rapidly developed based on the wide spread of the magic art of attaching souls to the Boys'bodies,due to the promotion of Donghua School,Tianxin School and other emerging Taoist schools,and by virtue of the popular Huang Lu Zhai of Taoism in the Song and Yuan dynasties.Due to its obvious inherent grassroots features,Boy Rule was criticized and rejected by some traditional and conservative master Taoists.
出处
《中华文化论坛》
北大核心
2021年第4期67-81,156,共16页
Journal of Chinese Culture
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“台湾南部地区灵宝道派拔度科仪研究”(项目编号:17BZJ038)阶段性成果
中国人民大学2021年度“中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金”成果
关键词
宋元道教
黄箓斋
童子科
Taoism in the Song and Yuan dynasties
Huang Lu Zhai
Boy Rule
