摘要
志愿公诉制度是古代雅典司法制度的特色,也是古代雅典民主政治的基石之一。该制度设立原因有二:其一是帮助弱者,抑制贵族权势,调节城邦内部贫富矛盾;其二是维护城邦利益,让每个人成为“城邦管理者”。志愿公诉制度起源于梭伦改革,成长于克里斯提尼改革,完成于厄菲阿尔特改革。得益于雅典帝国的扩张,诉讼案件的增多成为志愿公诉制度成熟的重要外部因素。志愿讼诉涉及诉讼范围较大,主要的志愿诉讼类型为离任审查(euthunai)、告发(eisangelia)和非法法令指控(graphe paranomon)。但是,随着志愿公诉制度的发展,其弊端日益明显:诉讼之风盛行,讼师日渐增多,冤假错案频发。
Voluntary Public Prosecution System is the feature of Athenian judicial system and it is one of the cornerstones of Athenian democracy.There are two reasons for the establishment of the system:one is to help the common people,restrain the power of the rich,and regulate the internal contradictions between the rich and the poor;the other is to safeguard the interests of the city-state and let everyone become"city-state managers".Voluntary Public Prosecution System originated from Solon's reform,perfected in Cleisthenesis reform,and completed in Ephialtes reform.Due to the expansion of the Athenian Empire,the increase of litigation cases had become an important external factor to enhance the development of the Voluntary Public Prosecution System.Voluntary litigation involved a large scope of litigation,the main types of voluntary litigation are oreview euthunai,eisangelia and graphe paranomon.However,with the development of Voluntary Public Prosecution System,the disadvantages were becoming more and more obvious:the prevailing litigation culture,the increasing number of sycophantes,and frequent occurrence of false and wrong cases.
作者
赵云龙
ZHAO Yun-long(Faculty of History,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)
出处
《内蒙古大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2021年第3期94-100,共7页
Journal of Inner Mongolia University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
关键词
雅典
志愿公诉
公诉类型
Athens
voluntary public prosecution
types of public prosecution
