摘要
以自由纺锤形苹果树为试材,设定不同地面管理方式,研究其对果园土壤、树体产量及果实品质的影响,以期确定适宜果园地面管理模式,为果园栽培管理提供理论依据。结果表明,生草栽培和起垄覆盖地布均增加了土壤体积含水率,尤其是4月效果最显著。起垄覆盖地布可在4、7、10月将果园060 cm土层的土壤含水率保持在15.05%16.03%;生草栽培和起垄覆盖地布增加了叶片叶绿素含量,提高了苹果可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸,增加了果肉硬度,促进了果实着色,增加了果实单果重,提高了果园产量,尤其是起垄覆盖地布下各指标增加程度更大。为达节水、提质增效目的,建议旱地苹果园采用起垄覆盖地布耕作方式。
Aimed to provide a scientific basis for apple growers to choose proper natural vegetation management model for dry land orchard, the effects of different natural vegetation management models on the soil, and apple yield and fruit quality were studied. The results showed that the soil volumetric moisture was increased under ridge forming and ground cover(RG) and grass mulch(GM), especially in April. In April, July and October, the soil volumetric moisture of 0-60 cm soil layer in the orchard could be kept at 15.05%-16.03% for RG. The chlorophyll content of apple leaves, the soluble solids content(TSS), titratable acid content(TA), hardness, red coefficient, single fruit weight and yield of apple could all be increased under RG and GM. The increase degree of each index for RG was greater than GM. In order to save water, improve fruit quality and increase efficiency, it is suggested that the natural vegetation management model RG should be used in apple orchard.
作者
吴晓璇
王红宁
孙俊宝
张生智
Wu Xiaoxuan;Wang Hongning;Sun Junbao;Zhang Shengzhi(Research Institute of Pomology,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2021年第19期119-123,共5页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
山西省农业科学院特色农业技术攻关项目“苹果矮砧集约化栽培关键技术研究”(YGG17030)
山西省农业科学院平台专项“蚯蚓养殖对果园土壤提升及果树营养吸收的影响”(YCX2020304)
中央引导地方科技发展专项“吕梁山区特色果树标准化栽培技术集成与示范”(2017GA630003)
国家重点研发计划项目“苹果高光效树形构建技术研究与集成”(2016YFD0201118)。
关键词
苹果
起垄
覆盖
产量
品质
apple
ridge forming
cover
yield
quality
