摘要
尾矿是矿山采选的必然产物,传统的尾矿处置方法会引起严重的安全及环境问题,尾矿的资源化利用是解决尾矿处置难题的重要途径。本文介绍了我国金属尾矿的基本类型及主要成分、尾矿的生产利用概况、尾矿堆存面临的安全及环境问题,讨论并梳理了近年来我国为促进尾矿利用产业发展所采取的主要政策及措施,重点分析了我国金属尾矿资源化利用的主要途径,包括尾矿再选及有价元素回收、尾矿制备建筑材料、尾矿用于采空区回填、尾矿用于农业及林业,并结合当前我国尾矿利用行业面临的突出问题,从政策和技术角度提出了加快尾矿综合利用产业发展的几点建议。研究结果有助于全面了解我国金属尾矿生产利用行业的现状及发展方向,为实现绿色矿山的建设目标提供数据支撑和智力支持。
Tailings are the inevitable products of mining and selection.The traditional methods of tailings disposal will cause serious safety and environmental problems.The resource utilization of tailings is an important way to solve the tailings disposal.This paper introduces the basic types and main components of China s metal tailings,the general situation of tailings production and utilization,the safety and environmental problems faced by tailings storage,discusses and combs the main policies and measures adopted in recent years to promote the development of tailings utilization industry in China,and focuses on the analysis of the main ways of China s metal tailings resource utilization.It includes tailings re-concentration and valuable element recovery,tailings preparation of building materials,tailings used for goaf backfill,tailings used for agriculture and forestry.Combined with the current prominent problems faced by China s tailings utilization industry,this paper puts forward some suggestions on accelerating the development of tailings comprehensive utilization industry from the perspective of policy and technology.The research results are helpful to fully understand the current situation and development direction of China s metal tailings production and utilization industry,and provide data support and intellectual support for realizing the construction goal of green mines.
作者
杜艳强
段文峰
赵艳
DU Yanqiang;DUAN Wenfeng;ZHAO Yan(Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China;Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Civil Engineering Structure,Luoyang 471000,China)
出处
《中国矿业》
2021年第8期57-61,共5页
China Mining Magazine
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(编号:51741410)
中原科技创新领军人才计划资助(编号:214200510030)
河南省科技攻关项目资助(编号:212102310108
212102310978)。
关键词
尾矿
金属矿
环境安全
资源化利用
tailings
metal mine
environmental safety
resource utilization
