摘要
基于“管住中间,放开两头”的发展思路,我国原油管道建设和运营不断向市场化方向改革。管输费作为原油价格的主要构成要素,其定价机制是上游油源和管道公司之间效益平衡的重要手段,决定了管道独立运营和市场化改革的效果。基于“成本+收益”的原则和管道项目的整体性与异质性,独立型管道侧重经营性管输收益最大化,而一体化管道更侧重服务性整体效益最大化。根据中哈、中缅及乍喀等原油管道案例,厘清了“一部制”管输费与“两部制”管输费的模块化构成、风险评估及适用条件。其中,“两部制”管输费既能通过协议输量保障投资稳定与快速回收,又能与国际油价、原油输量等外部性因素挂钩而消除内生性风险,突破了“一部制”的应用瓶颈。根据东非乌干达原油管道算例分析,发现相较于“一部制”,“两部制”管输定价模式的平均管输费更低,并据此提出在“负油价”经济风险下,基于外部因素的“两部制”模式将是管输环节的应用重点与改革方向。
Based on the development path of"controlling the middle and letting go of both ends",the construction and operation of crude oil pipelines in China have been continuously reformed towards the market-oriented direction.As the main component of crude oil price,the tariff pricing mechanism is an important means to balance the benefits between the upstream and the pipeline company,which determines the effect of independent operation of pipeline and market reform.Based on the principle of"Cost&Revenue"and the integrity and heterogeneity of pipeline projects,the pricing principles of independent pipeline and integrated pipeline are studied.It is found that the former emphasizes the maximization of operational pipeline transport revenue and the latter emphasizes the maximization of overall service benefit.According to the cases of China-Myanmar and Chad-Cameroon crude oil pipelines,the modular composition,risk assessment and applicable conditions of the"One-Part Tariff"and"Two-Part Tariff"pipeline transport fees are clarified.Among them,the"Two-Part Tariff"pipeline transportation fee can not only accelerate the investment recovery through the agreed volume of transportation,but also be linked to external factors such as international oil price and crude oil transportation to eliminate endogenous risk,breaking through the application bottleneck of"One-Part Tariff".Finally,based on the calculation example of Uganda crude oil pipeline in East Africa,this paper analyzes the substitution effect and income effect of"Two-Part Tariff"pipeline transport pricing compared with"One-Part Tariff",and correspondingly puts forward that"Two-Part Tariff"pipeline transport pricing based on external factors will be the application focus and reform direction under the economic risk of"negative oil price".
作者
余磊
皇甫建华
李国良
陈晓平
蒋璐朦
YU Lei;HUANGFU Jianhua;LI Guoliang;CHEN Xiaoping;JIANG Lumeng(School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China;Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China;China Petroleum Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing 100089, China;Pipeline Department, China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Company, Beijing 100034, China)
出处
《中国石油大学学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第3期9-17,共9页
Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(20BTJ060)。
关键词
管输费
定价机制
一部制
两部制
原油管道
tariff
pricing mechanism
One-Part Tariff
Two-Part Tariff
crude oil pipeline
