摘要
为分析高校实验室甲烷气瓶在泄漏后的危险性,基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法,以某高校实验室楼层为模型,使用Fluent软件模拟甲烷泄漏后的扩散过程,研究甲烷扩散规律,分析风速与通风条件对甲烷扩散的影响,判定甲烷危险爆炸区域。结果表明,甲烷流动受建筑结构影响显著,室内甲烷体积分数呈梯度分布,良好通风环境下的高风速对气体输送作用强,湍动能大,因而能快速降低甲烷体积分数,低风速条件下甲烷滞留在室内时间更久而易增加风险。甲烷气瓶发生泄漏时,爆炸区间主要集中在室内顶板,靠近泄漏点正上方的墙壁死角体积分数最高,并且气云在泄漏点同一侧的空间活动更多,相邻室内的甲烷旋流发生累积。最后针对模拟结果提出防控及应急措施,如危险化学品类气瓶的实验室选址、室内结构及监测装置的考虑等,并根据泄漏特性对撤离时的疏散路线给出建议。
In order to analyze the risk of leakage of methane cylinders in university laboratories,the present paper has managed to simulate the diffusion process of methane through leakage based on the computer fluid dynamics(CFD)in a university laboratory as a model by using a Fluent software.And,in so doing,we have made an examination over the diffusion regulation of methane by analyzing the influence of the different wind speed and ventilation conditions on methane diffusion.At the same time,we have also evaluated the hazardous explosion area of methane resource.The results of our simulated experiment indicate that the methane flow can be significantly affected by the building structure,the volume fraction of the methane content in the laboratory,which can present a gradient distribution.Furthermore,it has to be made clear that in a well-ventilated environment,high wind speed is likely to bring about a strong effect on the methane transport,which can help to reduce more quickly the methane volume fraction.However,at the low wind velocity,methane may still stay inside the room for longer,which is also likely to increase the risk of accidents.What is more,if a methane gas cylinder may get leaked out,the hazardous explosion area of methane can mainly focused on the room roof,the blind side of the wall near the leakage point is prone to suffer the thickest fraction of methane.In addition,the methane cloud would flow more from the same side of the leakage point,with the methane swirl penetrating to the adjacent rooms as a result of accumulation.And,apart from it,emergency prevention and control measures have to be proposed in accordance with the simulation results at the end of paper,such as the laboratory selection of hazardous chemical cylinders,as regard to the room-in structures and monitoring devices and so on.And,it is also just based on the study of the leakage features,recommendation has been presented as to the evacuation routes in the evacuation actions.Thus,it can be concluded that this paper enjoys somewhat instr
作者
鄢曙光
贺蕾
熊攀
YAN Shu-guang;HE Lei;XIONG Pan(College of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期1138-1144,共7页
Journal of Safety and Environment
关键词
安全工程
实验室
数值模拟
甲烷扩散
泄漏事故
安全管理
safety engineering
laboratory
numerical simulation
methane diffusion
leakage accident
safety management
