摘要
1957年4月非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)首次从非洲大陆传至葡萄牙里斯本,1960年4月再次传入葡萄牙并快速蔓延。因担心疫情失控及对养猪业发达地区产生影响,葡萄牙自1962年5月启动ASF疫苗田间试验。部分数据显示:接种疫苗21 d后,ASF的群体发病率为0.96%,个体发病率为1.05%;接种1个月后约有12.1%的猪出现了并发症,表现为呼吸系统、消化系统、肌肉骨骼和皮肤等方面的问题;母猪接种后部分出现流产或不孕;疫苗接种猪的肺部病变占比(21.92%)比未接种猪(4.82%)高,且不同品种猪的肺炎发病率差异较大。由于疫苗临床使用时不确定性因素较多,最终导致免疫计划终止。分析失败原因,可能是葡萄牙整体猪群健康状况较差、病毒污染面较大以及当地品种猪的易感性较高等。为科学看待ASF疫苗的使用经验和教训,本文对20世纪60年代葡萄牙的ASF"免疫失败事件"进行阐述和分析,以期为未来ASF疫苗研制提供借鉴。
In April 1957,African swine fever(ASF)was spread to Lisbon of Portugal from African Continent for the first time,and to Portugal again with rapid spreading in April 1960.Considering the possible influence of outof-control on the developed areas of pig industry,ASF vaccines had been tested at field level in Portugal since May 1962,and it was found by partial data that,after vaccination for 21 days,population incidence of ASF was 0.96%,and the individual incidence was 1.05%;After one month,complications in espiratory system,digestive system,musculoskeletal and skin appeared in nearly 12.1%pigs;some vaccinated sows were aborted or sterile;the proportion of vaccinated pigs with lung lesions(21.92%)was higher than that of unvaccinated ones(4.84%),and the incidence rate of pneumonia in different breeds of pigs was greatly different.The vaccination plan was terminated due to a number of uncertain factors in practice,which might be caused by poor health status of pig population,large range of contamination,high susceptibility of local pigs,etc.In order to scientifically learn the experience and lessons from administration of ASF vaccine,the"failure of ASF vaccination"in Portugal in the 1960 s was described and analyzed,with a view to providing a reference for future development of ASF vaccines.
作者
戈胜强
韩乃君
吕艳
任炜杰
张潇月
王勤玉
南文龙
吴晓东
王志亮
Ge Shengqiang;Han Naijun;Lv Yan;Ren Weijie;Zhang Xiaoyue;Wang Qinyu;Nan Wenlong;Wu Xiaodong;Wang Zhiliang(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre,Qingdao,Shandong 266032,China;Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an,Shandong 271001,China)
出处
《中国动物检疫》
CAS
2021年第8期57-62,共6页
China Animal Health Inspection
基金
国家重点研发计划专项(2017YFD0501800)。
