摘要
为了进一步复壮朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)种群,梳理了1981—2016年(35年间),中国政府对朱鹮保护的经验和成果,分析现存的问题并提出发展思路。自1981年在陕西洋县发现世界仅存的7只朱鹮以来,中国政府采取了一系列就地保护措施,建立专门的朱鹮保护机构,采用“保护站+农户”的管理模式对朱鹮开展保护监测,不断改善朱鹮繁殖区、游荡区和越冬区的生态环境,促进野生种群的稳步发展。其后,通过迁地保护——笼养种群的建立和再引入工程的实施,极大地扩展了朱鹮的数量和分布范围。截至2016年底,人工饲养朱鹮数量1020只,野外朱鹮数量2016只,共计3036只。同时,在朱鹮各个领域研究方面都获得了重大研究成果。由于朱鹮数量和范围不断扩大,朱鹮保护与当地经济发展之间的矛盾日益显现,需要制定长远的总体规划协调两者之间的关系,积极开发朱鹮品牌,推动绿色产业经济发展,以产业集群带动农民脱贫和朱鹮栖息地环境改善,实现朱鹮保护和社区经济共同发展的双赢局面。
We summarized the conservation experiences and achievements for crested ibis(Nipponia nippon)in China during 1981-2016,analyzed the problems and future perspectives.After the re-discovery of the last surviving seven individuals of crested ibis in Yangxian County of Shaanxi Province in 1981,a series of in-situ conservation measures were implemented to protect this critically endangered species.A conservation agency and a nature reserve were established specially for crested ibis,and full-time rangers and members of the local community were integrated to investigate and monitor the population and to promote resumption of the former breeding and roaming habitat and wintering grounds.These measures facilitated population growth.Thereafter,ex-situ conservation and establishment of a captive-breeding population with re-introduction were conducted to expand the population and distribution range of crested ibis.Through year-end 2016,the captive population and wild population size totaled 1,020 and 2,016,respectively.Meantime,research projects were conducted and great achievements were made.With the increase of population size and the expanding range,the conflict between conservation and local economic development became increasingly serious.Therefore,overall planning and various measures were needed to improve the situation.We recommend development of crested ibis brands and promotion of green industry so as to overcome poverty among local farmers by application of the industrial cluster effect,to improve habitat of crested ibis,and achieve the sustainable development of crested ibis conservation and the community economy.
作者
闫鲁
黄治学
YAN Lu;HUANG Zhixue(Shaanxi Hanzhong Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve Administration,Hanzhong,723300,China;Luoshan County Dongzhai National Nature Reserve Administration,Xinyang,464236,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2021年第3期890-896,共7页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
关键词
朱鹮
就地保护
再引入
人工饲养
Crested ibis(Nipponia nippon)
In-situ conservation
Re-introduction
Captive breeding
