摘要
福寿螺为16种首批入侵我国的恶性入侵种之一,其直接的取食与竞争作用以及间接的生态干扰均对本土物种的生存与延续造成了严重的不利影响。为了探究本土生物扰动者霍普水丝蚓与摇蚊幼虫是否可缓解福寿螺入侵后对本土近生态位物种梨形环棱螺的生态挤压作用,设置了3组实验,观察福寿螺与梨形环棱螺分隔-共养体系中加入霍普水丝蚓与摇蚊幼虫后二者15 d生存率、体质量相对变化率及单螺体质量相对变化率,并观察水体中不同密度、不同分布方式的霍普水丝蚓与摇蚊幼虫对福寿螺入侵后对梨形环棱螺产生胁迫的影响。结果表明:在未加入生物扰动者时,福寿螺的生存率显著高于梨形环棱螺(P<0.05),加入生物扰动者后,福寿螺的生存率显著下降(P<0.05),而梨形环棱螺的生存率显著提高(P<0.05),体质量损失得到显著的改善(P<0.05);霍普水丝蚓不论何种密度都可使福寿螺的生存率显著降低(P<0.05),而使梨形环棱螺生存率明显提高(P<0.05),在高密度时这种效应最大,使福寿螺生存率显著降低(P<0.01);从放置方式模拟底栖动物在水体中的分布来看,当霍普水丝蚓均匀分布时,对梨形环棱螺的生存最有利;虽然加入霍普水丝蚓或摇蚊幼虫都有利于梨形环棱螺的生存,并弱化福寿螺的入侵作用,但综合考虑,霍普水丝蚓的效果优于摇蚊幼虫。
Pomacea canaliculata is one of the first 16 vicious invasive species in China.It causes serious adverse effects on the survival and continuation of native species through direct(feeding and competition)and indirect ways(ecological disturbance).In order to explore whether the native bioturbator,such as Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and larvae of chironomus sp.,can alleviate the ecological extrusion of Pomacea canaliculata on the native near-niche species,Bellamya purificata,we carried out three experiments.The 15-day survival rate,relative change rate of body weight and relative change rate of individual body weight of the two snails were observed after the addition of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri or larvae of chironomus sp.in the separated and co-cultured system of Pomacea canaliculata and Bellamya purificata.We examined the effects caused by different density and distribution of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and larvae of chironomus sp.on the stress of Bellamya purificata after the invasion of Pomacea canaliculata.The results showed that the survival rate of Pomacea canaliculata was significantly higher than that of Bellamya purificata in the absence of bioturbator,whereas the survival rate of Pomacea canaliculata was significantly reduced(P<0.05)and that of Bellamya purificata was significantly increased(P<0.05)after adding bioturbators,with higher body weight loss of Bellamya purificata(P<0.05).Regardless of the density of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri,the survival rate of Pomacea canaliculata was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and that of Bellamya purificata was significantly increased(P<0.05)after adding Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri.Such effect was the greatest at high density,which significantly reduced the survival rate of Pomacea canaliculata(P<0.01).From the distribution of bioturbator in the water,it was the most favorable for the survival of Bellamya purificata when Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was evenly distributed.Although the addition of both Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and larvae of chironomus sp.was beneficial to the survival
作者
刘洺源
张叶军
衡洋
陈乃菲
徐维胤
邹伟
LIU Ming-yuan;ZHANG Ye-jun;HENG Yang;CHEN Nai-fei;XU Wei-yin;ZOU Wei(School of Life Science,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116081,Liaoning,China;Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery,Dalian 116081,Liaoning,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期2164-2174,共11页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
2017年度辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(L201783647)的资助。
关键词
福寿螺
梨形环棱螺
摇蚊幼虫
霍普水丝蚓
生物扰动
入侵机制
Pomacea canaliculata
Bellamya purificata
larvae of chironomid
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
bioturbation
invasion mechanism
