摘要
从经典物理学到20世纪以来的现代物理学,对称性的概念发生了根本性的变化。对于前者,对称性仅仅是定律的一种推论或偶然表现出的一种特征;而对于后者,对称性是出发点和方法论原理,它支配着相互作用。特别是20世纪70年代之后,对称性及其扩张出的超对称、对偶性指导了整个超越标准模型新理论的构建。这种发展以及物理学家对此所表现出的两种极端态度都表明,还需要对对称性这一概念作更为深刻、完全的理解。文章基于对超越标准模型新理论构建的分析,提出了"从对称性到超对称再到对偶性"这一贯穿现代物理学主线的对称性扩张路径,并从数学角度讨论了"从对称性到对偶性"扩张的合理性,明确了对称性原理将是21世纪物理学的核心方法论原理。
From classical physics to modern physics since the 20th century,the concept of symmetry has undergone a fundamental change.For the former,symmetry was only a corollary of the law or a feature that showed accidentally;for the latter,symmetry was the starting point and methodological principle,which governed interaction.Especially after the 1970s,symmetry and its expanded supersymmetry and duality guided the constructions of all new theories beyond the Standard Model.These developments and the two extremely different attitudes of physicists indicate that a deeper and complete understanding of the concept of symmetry is still needed.Based on the analysis of the constructions of the new theories beyond the Standard Model,the article puts forward "from symmetry to supersymmetry and to duality",a symmetry expansion path that runs through the main line of modern physics,and discusses its rationality from a mathematical perspective,and makes it clear that the principle of symmetry will be the core methodological principle of physics in the 21st century.
作者
冯晓华
窦海峰
高策
FENG Xiaohua;DOU Haifeng;GAO Ce(Institute for History of Science and Technology,Shanxi University,Taiyuan,Shanxi,030006)
出处
《自然辩证法通讯》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第8期44-51,共8页
Journal of Dialectics of Nature
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代量子论与新科学哲学的兴起”(项目编号:16ZDA113)。
