摘要
基于遥感反演数据,研究了2016年长三角地区PM_(2.5)浓度空间分布特征,从气象因素、地形、植被和大气污染物排放清单等方面选取评价因子,以0.25°×0.25°网格为评价单元,利用GAM模型研究了长三角PM_(2.5)空间分布的影响因素及交互效应.结果表明:(1)长三角PM_(2.5)浓度总体呈北高南低、西高东低的分布态势,但以南北向差异为主.长三角南部PM_(2.5)浓度多低于35μg·m^(-3),PM_(2.5)超标零星出现在城镇周围,呈孤岛状分布.北部PM_(2.5)浓度多超过35μg·m^(-3),PM_(2.5)污染多呈连片状分布.(2)长三角PM_(2.5)浓度分布具有显著的正的空间自相关性,高高集聚区集中分布在长三角北部,低低集聚区集中分布在南部.(3)GAM模型分析表明,地形起伏度、气温和降水量对PM_(2.5)浓度主要呈负向影响;污染物排放量主要呈正向影响;风速<2.5 m·s^(-1)时影响不显著,风速≥2.5 m·s^(-1)后有显著的负向影响.地形起伏度、气温和降水量南高北低是造成长三角PM_(2.5)北高南低的重要原因,风速东高西低是造成长三角PM_(2.5)浓度东西向差异的原因之一.(4)除地形起伏度-PM_(2.5)排放量外,其余因素两两间的交互项均通过了显著性检验,对PM_(2.5)分布有显著的交互效应.
Spatial features of PM_(2.5) concentration in the Yangtze River Delta in 2016 were analyzed using remote sensing data.Selecting factors among meteorology,topography,vegetation,and emission list of air pollutants,factors and their interaction effects on the spatial distribution of PM_(2.5) concentration were studied based on GAM,with an evaluation unit of 0. 25° × 0. 25° for the grid. It showed that:(1) With a more significant difference between the north and south,PM_(2.5) concentration was generally higher in the north and west but lower in the south and east. In the southern part of the delta,the concentration was mostly lower than 35 μg·m^(-3),with noncompliance of the PM_(2.5) concentration scattered in urban areas like islands. Meanwhile,PM_(2.5) concentration is generally over 35μg·m^(-3),and the pollution appeared like sheets.(2) Besides,PM_(2.5) concentration showed an apparent positive spatial autocorrelation with"High-High" PM_(2.5) agglomeration areas in the north of the delta and "Low-Low" PM_(2.5) agglomeration areas in the south.(3) Based on GAM,hypsography,temperature,and precipitation negatively affected PM_(2.5) concentration,whereas pollutant emissions positively affected it. The effect of wind was minor when its speed < 2. 5 m·s^(-1),and more negatively significant when its speed ≥2. 5 m·s^(-1). Hypsography,temperature,and precipitation were higher in the southern part of the delta,but they were lower in the northern part,leading to a higher PM_(2.5) concentration in the northern parts and lower in the southern parts. A higher wind speed in the east and lower in the west also led to a concentration difference between them.(4) All factors had passed a significant pair interaction test,except for hypsography and PM_(2.5) emission,and they all showed a significant interaction effect on the distribution of PM_(2.5) in the Yangtze River Delta.
作者
黄小刚
赵景波
辛未冬
HUANG Xiao-gang;ZHAO Jing-bo;XIN Wei-dong(College of Geographical Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041004,China;Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710061,China;School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China)
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期3107-3117,共11页
Environmental Science
基金
中国科学院气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室项目(KLACP1904)
国家自然科学基金项目(41701287)。
