摘要
Kuancheng Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System is located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Water Containment Function Area.The Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System is characterized by agroforestry compound,and some studies have shown that the compound planting of chestnut has better ecological benefits than the single chestnut planting mode.However,most of the local farmers in Kuancheng are mainly engaged in single chestnut cultivation.Through ecological compensation,farmers are being encouraged to change their chestnut planting mode,which can achieve the purpose of inheriting China’s important agricultural heritage and improving the ecological benefits.This paper introduces preference coefficients to correct for opportunity costs,and through interviews and questionnaires,we obtained the input and output of the single chestnut cultivation,chestnut-maitake,chestnut-millet,and chestnut-chicken and the income of laborers working outside the home in the Kuancheng area.Through analysis and calculation,we obtained the following results:(1)Although the net income of the three chestnut composite modes is higher,their economic input is higher than that of a single chestnut planting mode,and the return on unit investment is lower.(2)The average income of young and middle-aged workers who work outside is higher than that of the local farming industry,so the local chestnut agroforestry plantation has a higher opportunity cost.(3)The final calculation shows that the chestnut-chicken agroforestry operation mode needs no compensation,the chestnut-maitake plantation mode is compensated at least 1608.5 USD ha^(-1) yr^(-1),and the minimum compensation for the chestnut-millet plantation mode is 198.3 USD ha^(-1) yr^(-1),which can guarantee that farmers receive the full value of their creations.Ultimately,farmers are incentivized to revive the traditional agroforestry production mode to achieve both economic and ecological benefits while inheriting agricultural heritage.
宽城传统板栗栽培系统位于京津冀水源涵养功能区。传统板栗栽培系统以农林复合为特征,有研究表明相比于单一板栗种植模式,复合种植具有更好的生态效益。但当前当地农户大多以单一板栗种植为主。通过生态补偿,可以激励农户转变板栗经营方式,达到传承中国重要农业文化遗产、并提高生态效益的目的。本文引入偏好系数修正机会成本,通过访谈及发放问卷等调查方法,获取宽城地区农户单一板栗种植、板栗–栗蘑复合种植、板栗–小米复合种植以及板栗–养鸡复合经营投入产出状况与劳动力外出务工收入,通过分析和测算,得到结果如下:(1)尽管三种复合模式的净收入较高,但其经济投入比单一板栗种植模式多,单位投资的回报率低;(2)宽城地区青壮年劳动力外出务工的平均收入高于当地种植业,因此当地板栗复合种植生产模式具有较高的机会成本;(3)研究结果表明板栗–养鸡复合经营模式无需补偿,板栗–栗蘑复合种植模式至少需要补偿1608.5USD ha^(–1) yr^(–1),对板栗–小米复合种植模式最低需要补偿198.3 USD ha^(–1) yr^(–1),才可以保障农户获得其创造的全部价值,从而激励农户恢复传统的农林复合生产模式,实现经济和生态效益的双赢并传承农业文化遗产。
基金
The Mobility Programme DFG-NSFC (M-0342)
Ecology Young Talents Support Project of the Chinese Society of Ecology (STQT2020B03)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (41801204)。
