摘要
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中可感知细胞外信号的先天免疫细胞。脑损伤、炎症和病理过程会引起小胶质细胞发生动态的结构反应,改变它们的形态和能动性。小胶质细胞的动态运动被假定是其感知局部变化和参与特定模式反应的关键第一步。除了病理性反应外,小胶质细胞还可以感知和调节神经元活动。本文探讨了在神经元活动降低和活动增高的情况下,允许小胶质细胞感知神经元活动变化的细胞外分子、受体和机制。我们还强调了从生理到病理生理情况,新出现的表明小胶质细胞调节神经元活动的在体研究证据。此外,我们讨论了关于钙信号在小胶质细胞对细胞外环境的反应中的新兴作用。健康或疾病状态,小胶质细胞在监测和影响神经元活动方面的动态功能可能对大脑稳态和神经回路修饰起至关重要的作用。
Microglia are innate immune cells of the central nervous system that sense extracellular cues.Brain injuries,inflammation,and pathology evoke dynamic structural responses in microglia,altering their morphology and motility.The dynamic motility of microglia is hypothesized to be a critical first step in sensing local alterations and engaging in pattern-specific responses.Alongside their pathological responses,microglia also sense and regulate neuronal activity.In this review,we consider the extracellular molecules,receptors,and mechanisms that allow microglia to sense neuronal activity changes under both hypoactivity and hyperactivity.We also highlight emerging in vivo evidence that microglia regulate neuronal activity,ranging from physiological to pathophysiological conditions.In addition,we discuss the emerging role of calcium signaling in microglial responses to the extracellular environment.The dynamic function of microglia in monitoring and influencing neuronal activity may be critical for brain homeostasis and circuit modification in health and disease.
作者
Anthony D Umpierre
Long-Jun Wu
杜一星(编译)
Anthony D Umpierre;Long-Jun Wu(Department of Neurology,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,Minnesota,USA;Department of Neuroscience,Mayo Clinic,Jacksonville,Florida,USA;Department of Immunology,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,Minnesota,USA)
出处
《神经损伤与功能重建》
2021年第7期F0003-F0003,共1页
Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction
