摘要
2001年以前西藏冈底斯斑岩铜钼多金属成矿带未列入国家重要成矿区带,而随后的成矿、找矿理论认识和方法创新,致使该带找矿取得历史性重大突破,新发现与评价了驱龙、甲玛、朱诺、雄村、努日、冲江、邦浦、蒙亚啊、洞中松多、查个勒等一系列大型-超大型矿床,仅探明的铜资源量就超过5600万吨,形成了我国规模最大的世界级铜多金属勘查开发基地;新发现的矿床主要分布在南部拉萨地体及弧背断隆带,空间上的分布表现出东西成带、北东成行、交汇成矿、近等间距分布的规律性;同位素资料展示5期斑岩成矿作用(213 Ma、173~165 Ma、~45 Ma、~30 Ma、17~13 Ma)、5期矽卡岩成矿作用(~112 Ma、~77 Ma、67~55 Ma、~41~37 Ma、~23~16 Ma)及2期浅成低温热液成矿作用(~126 Ma、~65~55 Ma);伴随着新特提斯洋的形成、俯冲、消减及印-亚陆陆碰撞,冈底斯带经历了增生造山、碰撞造山、陆内造山及均衡造山四大造山作用过程,揭示了含矿岩浆来源于不同时期俯冲的玄武质洋壳——以幔源物质为主、或以古老地壳为主、或以新生下地壳为主的部分熔融,形成了与不同造山作用相关的斑岩型-矽卡岩型-浅成低温热液型-岩浆热液脉型-热泉型等单一类型、或斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液型等多种类型复合的一系列Cu-Mo-W-Ag-Sn-Au多金属矿床;复合造山过程中不同造山作用的叠加,使矿床展现出同源多位、同位多因、深源浅成、多因复成的成矿特征,并据此划分出晚三叠世与大陆弧岩浆有关的斑岩Cu-Au、中侏罗世与岛弧岩浆作用有关的斑岩Cu-Au、早白垩世与中酸性岩浆有关的矽卡岩-浅成低温热液型Fe-Ag-Pb-Zn(-Sn)、晚白垩世与中酸性侵入岩有关的Fe-Cu多金属、古新世-始新世与中酸性侵入岩有关的Fe-Cu多金属、古新世与陆相(次)火山岩有关的Ag-Sn-Au多金属、渐新世斑岩矽卡岩型Cu-W-Mo(-Au)、中新世斑岩-�
The Gangdese copper-molybdenum polymetallic metallogenic belt in Tibet was not included in the national important metallogenic belts before 2001.However,the subsequent theoretical understanding and method innovation of mineralization and prospecting have led to a historic breakthrough in ore prospecting in this belt,newly finding of a series of large and super-large deposits such as Qulong,Jiama,Zhunuo,Xiongcun,Nuri,Chongjiang,Bangpu,Mengya’a,Dongzhongsongduo and Chagele.The proven copper resources alone exceed 56 million tons,forming the largest world-class copper polymetallic exploration and development base in China.The newly discovered deposits are mainly distributed in the southern Lhasa terrane and Gangdese backarc fault uplift belt,and show the spatial distribution of east-west banding,parallel north-east and interjunction mineralization.The isotopic data show five-stage porphyry mineralization(213 Ma,173-165 Ma,~45 Ma,~30 Ma,17-13 Ma),five-stage skarn mineralization(~112 Ma,~77 Ma,67-55 Ma,~41-37 Ma,~23-16 Ma)and two-stage epithermal mineralization(~126 Ma,~65-55 Ma).With the formation and subsequent subduction of the Neo-Tethys ocean,and India-Asia collision,the Gangdese belt has experienced four orogenic processes,including accretionary orogenesis,collisional orogenesis,intracontinental orogenesis and balanced orogenic process.The ore-bearing magma was derived from partial melting of basaltic oceanic crust dominated by mantle source material,or ancient crust,or juvenile lower crust during different periods,in which a series of Cu-MoW-Ag-Sn-Au polymetallic deposits have been formed including single types of porphyry,skarn,epithermal-hydrothermal vein,thermal spring deposits,or complex types of porphyry-skarn-epithermal deposits and so on.These deposits show the metallogenic characteristics of same source with multiple locations,same location with multiple genesis,deep source with shallow mineralization,as well as multiple genesis and complex formation,due to the superposition of different orogenies dur
作者
郑有业
吴松
次琼
陈鑫
高顺宝
刘晓峰
姜笑文
郑顺利
李淼
姜晓佳
Zheng Youye;Wu Song;Ci Qiong;Chen Xin;Gao Shunbao;Liu Xiaofeng;Jiang Xiaowen;Zheng Shunli;Li Miao;Jiang Xiaojia(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;School of Earth Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;No.2 Geological Party,Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Lhasa 850000,China)
出处
《地球科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期1909-1940,共32页
Earth Science
基金
国家重点研发计划“深地资源勘查开采”(Nos.2018YFC0604104,2017YFC0601506)
国家自然科学基金项目(No.41802090)
中国地质调查局项目(No.DD20190147-05)
中央高校基本科研业务专项(No.2652019060).
关键词
造山阶段
成矿作用
成矿系列
动力学背景
冈底斯
西藏
矿床学
orogenic stages
metallogenesis
minerogenetic series
geodynamic setting
Gangdese
Tibet
mineral deposit
