摘要
城市中突发事件发生后,为有效降低财产损失和人员伤亡,减少应急救援在调度和路径选择等环节的响应时间损失,保障应急救援任务顺利完成,需要对各类应急救援交通资源进行合理调度,并在起讫点间根据路网实时交通状态,动态选择行驶路径,减少其路段行程时间。在多目标应急救援调度和最优路径选择目标分析的基础上,提出了一种考虑不同类型应急车辆调度和最优路径选择的双层规划的集成优化模型。在上层模型中,主要考虑应急救援车辆的调度费用成本,通过最小化应急救援车辆的固定成本、容量成本和时间成本,来确定不同类型应急车辆的出救位置和相应出动车辆数;下层模型中,主要考虑应急救援车辆的路径在途行程时间,通过最小化动态路网下应急救援的路段行程时间和信号延误时间来确定救援通过的路径,并根据固定的时间间隔动态更新路网的交通状态,使救援车辆尽可能选择避开交通拥堵的路段行驶,从而更快速到达目的地。案例分析结果表明,基于双层规划的应急车辆调度和路径选择集成模型与仅考虑调度或路径选择的模型相比,总调度成本降低了2.67%,总在途行程时间减少了21.05%,路径选择中能有效降低通过沿线拥堵道路的比例,表明模型具有很好的适用性和实用价值。
When emergency event occurs in cities,in order to effectively reduce property losses and casualties,reduce the response time loss of emergency rescue in the links of schedule and route selection,and guarantee completion of emergency rescue tasks,it is necessary to schedule various emergency rescue traffic resources reasonably,and select the driving route dynamically to reduce the travel time of the road section based on real-time traffic status of the road network between the starting and ending points.Based on the analysis of objective of multi-objective emergency rescue scheduling and optimal route selection,a bi-level programming integrated optimization model considering different types of emergency vehicle scheduling and optimal route selection is proposed.In the upper model,the scheduling cost of emergency vehicles is considered,in which the rescue location and the corresponding number of different types of emergency vehicles are determined by minimizing the fixed cost,capacity cost,and time cost of the emergency vehicles.In the lower model,the route travel time of emergency vehicles is considered,in which the rescue route is determined by minimizing the travel time and signal delay time of emergency rescue in dynamic road network,and the traffic status of the road network is dynamically updated according to the fixed time interval,so that the rescue vehicles can choose to avoid traffic congestion as much as possible to reach the destination more quickly.The result of case study shows that compared with the model only considering scheduling or route selection,the integrated model of emergency vehicle scheduling and route selection based on bi-level programming can reduce the total scheduling cost by 2.67%and the total travel time by 21.05%,which can effectively reduce the proportion of congested roads along the route,indicating that the model has good applicability and practical value.
作者
姚佼
邵楚薇
鲍雨婕
李宇航
YAO Jiao;SHAO Chu-wei;BAO Yu-jie;LI Yu-hang(School of Business,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)
出处
《公路交通科技》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期149-158,共10页
Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development
基金
上海市社科规划一般课题(2020BGL013)。
关键词
城市交通
应急救援调度
双层规划模型
应急车辆类型
路径选择
集成优化
urban traffic
emergency rescue scheduling
bi-level programming model
emergency vehicle type
route selection
integrated optimization
