摘要
樟树是我国亚热带地区常绿阔叶林中重要组成树种之一,它的根、茎、叶含有精油,广泛应用于医药、日用化工、香精香料、食品添加剂等领域,具有重要经济价值。天然芳樟醇主要来源于芳樟醇型樟树(芳樟)。当前芳樟采用矮林栽培,割去枝叶提取精油,大量枝叶被带走会导致土壤肥力衰退。为芳樟矮林施肥提供理论依据,以4年生芳樟矮林为材料,研究不同尿素施用量对芳樟矮林的生长和得油率的影响。结果表明,施用尿素对芳樟矮林萌芽、萌条长度、粗度有显著促进作用,对芳樟矮林成枝数影响不明显,尿素施用量为100g/株时对芳樟矮林萌芽和萌条生长促进作用最好;施用尿素对芳樟矮林株高、冠幅有显著促进作用,对地径有显著抑制作用,尿素施用量为100g/株时对芳樟矮林株高和冠幅促进作用最好;尿素施用量在25~100g/株对芳樟矮林单株鲜重、单株叶鲜重、单株小枝鲜重及单株主枝鲜重显著促进作用,继续增加至200g/株则抑制芳樟生物量;施用尿素对芳樟矮林单株叶得油率无显著影响,但会提高主枝得油率,降低小枝得油率,降低叶片油细胞密度,减小叶片油细胞的直径。因此综合各项指标,施用100g/株尿素对芳樟矮林生长较好,可以提高单位面积生物量,提高单位面积精油产量。
Cinnamomum camphora is an important tree species of the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China.Its root,stem and leaf all contain oils,which are widely used in fields such as medicine,daily chemical industry,flavors and fragrances and food additives,so it has great economic value.Natural linalool mainly originates from C.camphora.The trees are planted by dwarf cultivation for easily cutting their branches and leaves to extract oil.Overcutting branches and leaves may lead to soil fertility decline.The effects of different application rate of urea on the growth and oil yield of 4-year-old C.camphora dwarf forest were studied to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization of C.camphora.Results showed that urea application at the rate of 100 g/plant had significant promotion effect on germination,sprout length,sprout diameter,plant height and crown width,but had no obvious effect on branch number,and had significant inhibition effect on ground diameter.Urea application at the rate of 25~100 g/plant could increase the fresh weight per plant,leaf weight per plant,branchlet weight per plant and main branch weight per plant,but at the rate of 200 g/plant would inhibit the biomass of C.camphora.Urea application had little impact on the oil yield of leaves per plant,but could increase the oil yield of main branches,reduce the oil yield of branchlets,the oil cell density of leaves and the oil cell diameter of leaflets.According to the comprehensive index,the optimum amount of urea for the growth of C.camphora dwarf forest was 100 g/plant,which could increase the biomass and oil yield per unit area.
作者
彭艺
张北红
王颜波
姜睿
李卫东
李凤
肖祖飞
PENG Yi;ZHANG Beihong;WANG Yanbo;JIANG Rui;LI Weidong;LI Feng;XIAO Zufei(Jiangxi Engineering Research Center of Seed-breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330099,China)
出处
《农业研究与应用》
2021年第3期1-8,共8页
Agricultural Research and Application
基金
江西省科技厅重点研发计划一般项目(20192BBFL60012)
江西省林业局林业科技创新专项(创新专项〔2019〕04号)
江西省林业局樟树研究专项(创新专项〔2020〕07)
江西省科学技术厅重大科技研发专项(20203ABC28W016)。
关键词
樟树
芳樟矮林
尿素
生长
得油率
Cinnamomum camphora dwarf forest
urea
growth
oil yield
