摘要
钨矿主要包括黑钨矿和白钨矿,其中白钨矿是主要的钨矿物,也是非常重要的战略含钙矿物。但钨矿物与脉石矿物的分离,尤其是与萤石和方解石等常见含钙矿物的选择性分离仍是世界难题。许多文献侧重于对新药剂的报道,但缺乏对这些药剂进行有效归类和进一步的分析。因此,分析了钨矿浮选药剂设计与组装原理,较为详细地论述了钨矿浮选过程中最重要的两大类药剂—捕收剂(阴离子捕收剂、阳离子捕收剂、两性捕收剂和配合物捕收剂等)和抑制剂(有机抑制剂和无机抑制剂)的类型、吸附机理和应用,阐述了钨矿浮选药剂设计与组装规律,以期对钨矿物与脉石矿物的高效分离提供借鉴。通过总结现有钨矿分选药剂,提出了钨矿浮选药剂要根据钨矿物与脉石矿物表面物理化学性质差异(表面润湿性、表面电位、表面活性位点等)以及钨矿物自身表面性质各向异性(不同晶面的性质差异)进行有针对性地设计与组装。同时,提出了药剂的设计与组装要遵循一定的方法,包括亲固官能团、疏水链等的设计和组装以及相应捕收剂和抑制剂的协同应用,从而兼顾捕收性和选择性,使得钨矿物能与其他矿物更高效地分离。与其他捕收剂相比,含有特殊官能团的螯合和配合物捕收剂对钨矿物具有更好的选择性,但是成本较高,因此,可开发疏水性更强的螯合或者配合物捕收剂,如在铅-苯甲羟肟酸配合物基础上嫁接更疏水的阴离子捕收剂或者对苯甲羟肟酸进行改性,增强其整体疏水性和分选效率。与其他抑制剂相比,高效、环保的聚羧酸类抑制剂对方解石具有更好的选择性,但需同时添加对硅酸盐类脉石矿物具有良好抑制能力的水玻璃及其改性物。需要注意的是,尽管白钨矿与萤石和方解石表面的钙活性位点有一定的差异性,但未来新药剂的设计可以另辟蹊径,设计与白钨矿氧�
The tungsten minerals mainly include wolframite and scheelite,in which scheelite is the main tungsten mineral and a very important strategic calcium-bearing mineral.However,the selective separation of tungsten minerals from gangue minerals,especially from fluorite and calcite,is still a worldwide problem.Many literatures focus on the reports of new reagents,but lack of effective classification and further analysis for these reagents.Therefore,this paper briefly analyzes the design and assembly principles of flotation reagents of tungsten minerals,and discusses in detail the types,adsorption mechanism and application of the two most important reagents(collector and depressant)in the process of tungsten minerals flotation.The collector includes anionic,cationic,amphoteric and complex types so on.And the depressant includes organic and inorganic types.The design and assembly rules of flotation reagents of tungsten minerals are described in order to provide reference for the efficient separation of tungsten minerals from gangue minerals.By summarizing the existing flotation reagents of tungsten minerals,it is proposed that the flotation reagents of tungsten minerals should be designed and assembled according to the differences in surface physicochemical properties(surface wettability,surface potential,surface active sites,etc.)between tungsten minerals and gangue minerals and the anisotropy of their own surface properties(the differences of properties of different crystal planes on tungsten minerals surfaces).At the same time,the design and assembly of reagents should follow certain methods in order to more efficiently separate tungsten minerals form gangue minerals,including the design and assembly of functional groups interacting with minerals and hydrophobic chains,as well as the synergy application of corresponding collectors and inhibitors.These important design methods make the new collector have both collecting ability and the selectivity.Compared with other collectors,chelate and complex collectors with speci
作者
王建军
卫召
韩海生
孙伟
高志勇
向国源
伍思回
亢建华
范瑞华
蒋旭
WANG Jianjun;WEI Zhao;HAN Haisheng;SUN Wei;GAO Zhiyong;XIANG Guoyuan;WU Sihui;KANG Jianhua;FAN Ruihua;JIANG Xu(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)
出处
《金属矿山》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第6期26-43,共18页
Metal Mine
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:51634009)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:51774328)
国家十三五重点研发计划项目(编号:2020YFC1908804,2020YFC1909202)
湖南省杰出青年科学基金项目(编号:2020JJ2044)
湖南省“湖湘青年英才”支持计划(编号:2018RS3011)
国家111创新引智基地项目(编号:B14034)。
关键词
钨矿
浮选
捕收剂
抑制剂
设计与组装
tungsten minerals
flotation
collector
inhibitor
design and assembly
