摘要
青年马克思在批判资本主义和寻求人的解放过程中,自觉反思和构建真正的批判方法。人本主义外在批判以人的本质为尺规,深刻揭示出资本主义的异化实质,却因先验标准的抽象性和非历史性,最终沦为贫乏无力的道德指责。在政治经济学批判如对货币中介辩证分析的基础上,资本主义的历史性和内在矛盾性初步进入马克思的视野。而对作为推动原则和创造原则的黑格尔辩证法的批判和改造,则是马克思从哲学上构建内在批判方法的一次尝试,就其思想实质而言,这已经蕴含着后来对费尔巴哈的批判,是越出费尔巴哈唯物主义的一次重要尝试。由此,马克思在人本主义的规范性批判之外,初步构建内在的社会历史性批判,开始辩证地认识到私有财产的普遍本质和历史意义。检视这个隐藏于批判主题下常被忽视的方法的变化,可以管窥青年马克思的理论变革和跃迁之路。
In the process of criticizing capitalism and seeking human emancipation, young Marx consciously reflected on and constructed a real critical method. The external critique of humanism takes human nature as the rule and reveals the alienation of capitalism. However, due to the abstractness and non-historicity of the prior standard, it is reduced to an impoverished and helpless moral criticism. Based on the critique of political economics, such as the dialectical analysis of money as intermediation, the historical view and internal contradictions of capitalism initially found their way into Marx’s vision. The critique and transformation of Hegel’s dialectics, as the moving and generating principle, was Marx’s attempt to construct an internal critical method from philosophy. This essentially already contained the later criticism of Feuerbach, and was an important attempt to go beyond Feuerbach’s materialism. Thus, besides the normative critique of humanism, Marx initially constructed the internal critique of social history, and began to dialectically recognize the universal nature and historical significance of private property. By examining the change of this often-neglected method hidden behind the theme of criticism, we can catch a glimpse of the theoretical transformation of young Marx.
作者
李猛
LI Meng(School of Philosophy,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期1-8,共8页
Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“全球治理视域下国外马克思主义的当代资本主义批判研究”(20BKS162)。
