摘要
【目的】我国大豆进口依存度一直维持在80%以上,研究施用新型保水材料对干旱胁迫下大豆种植土壤特性影响,在不影响其他作物播种面积的情况下开发新增大豆适种面积,提高大豆产量。【方法】分别采用具有保水效果的生物基水肥缓释材料、高吸水性树脂(SAP)、玉米秸秆粉末材料对不同试验单元内土壤进行处理,研究大豆生长期内大豆种植土壤含水率、肥料含量、水分利用和产出效率等指标差异。【结果】生物基水肥缓释材料施用量为10 kg时对大豆生长状况改善效果最佳,与CK相比,大豆收获时土壤含水率提高77.45%,总氮、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别提高88.89%、68.92%、92.31%和45.71%,大豆产量提高61.44%,水分利用和产出效率则分别提高52.63%和63.64%。【结论】生物基水肥缓释材料和SAP的施用均能显著提高土壤抗旱能力并提高水分利用和产出效率,但施用量与使用效果之间并非线性关系,应综合衡量最优施用量。
【Objective】Chinese soybean import dependence has been maintained at a level of more than 80%.It is of great significance to study the effects of new super absorbent materials on soil characteristics of soybean under drought stress for increasing the suitable planting area of soybean and the total yield under the premise of not reducing the planting area of other crops.【Method】The moisture and fertilizer contents of soybean-planting soil,water utilization and soybean yield efficiency were studied by using bio-based super absorbent materials,super absorbent polymers(SAP)and corn straw powder materials to treat the soil in different plots.【Result】Under experiment conditions,when the application amount of bio-based super absorbent materials was 10 kg,the improvement of soybean growth was the best.Compared with the CK(control group),the moisture content in soybean-planting soil increased by 77.45%,the total nitrogen,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content increased by 88.89%,68.92%,92.31%and 45.71%,the soybean yield increased by 61.44%,and the water use and yield efficiency increased by 52.63%and 63.64%,respectively.【Conclusion】Both the application of bio-based super absorbent materials and SAP could significantly improve soil drought resistance and water use and yield efficiency,but it was not linear between application quantities and the effects,therefore,the optimal application amount should be measured comprehensively.
作者
刘文
孔庆霞
郝莹
于建霖
雷海波
LIU Wen;KONG Qingxia;HAO Ying;YU Jianlin;LEI Haibo(College of Basic Science,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;College of Fishery,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China)
出处
《广东农业科学》
CAS
2021年第6期47-53,共7页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
天津市重点研发计划项目(19YFHBQY00010)
天津市技术创新引导专项(20YDTPJC01070)
天津市大学生创新创业训练项目(202010061080)。
关键词
干旱胁迫
大豆
保水剂
水肥缓释
生物基
drought dress
soybean
super absorbent polymer
slow release of water and fertilizer
bio-based
