摘要
中世纪欧洲的大学不仅仅是学术共同体,也是为师生提供贫病救济、丧葬礼仪和亡灵追荐服务的宗教性慈善组织。12世纪末、13世纪初大学的出现,经常被描述为中世纪思想教育从“蒙昧”到“理性”、从服务于宗教到职业化过程中的一大转折点。但思想史内在的发展逻辑不能完全解释大学制度的出现。本文从一则12世纪末的拉丁文对话作品展开,讨论中世纪大学起源的社会因素。事实上,大学承继了传统宗教社团的部分社会功能,通过集体性丧葬礼仪等宗教服务为成员提供基本的社会保障,并塑造群体认同。
The medieval University was not only an intellectual community,but also a religious charity organization that provided its masters and students with social charity,funeral rituals and intercessory prayers for the dead.The rise of universities in the late-twelfth and early-thirteenth northern Europe has been often characterized as a process moving from“obscurantism”to“rationality”,from scholarship subservient to religion to its professionalization.However,the inner logic of intellectual history cannot sufficiently explain the origin of the university as an institution.This article focuses on one Latin Dialogue from the end of the twelfth century,and discusses the social origins of the university.In fact,the medieval university inherited certain social functions of the traditional religious communities.It was through collective religious services such as funeral rituals that the university provided necessary welfare to its members,and as a result was able to construct a distinct group identity that would sustain its survival in medieval society.
出处
《世界历史评论》
2021年第2期232-244,295,296,共15页
The World History Review
