摘要
王者施行仁政当察觉民情疾苦,满足人们基本生存需要,尊重并维护其财产权利。民众"善心"必须以个人"恒产"被确立和保护为前提。孟子最早在个体职业、财产与整体社会稳定之间建立逻辑关联。"制民之产"在君王是"发政施仁"的分配政策和制度安排,在民众则是基本人权,包括产业权、财富权。民众只有在拥有产业和财富之后,才能行使自己应该承担的伦理责任。税赋的征收应当在生产财富与收取数额之间寻求合理的张力,以不超过民众所能够承受的程度为标准。无论在什么时候,无论面对什么样的政府,财产权利都不可让渡,否则就意味着出卖了本该属于自己的个体自由,随之而来的则是被控制、被支配。对财产权利的伸张,用制度形式保证个体的财产权利不受侵犯,是"制民之产"的内在要求,也是个体法权概念的必然规定。
In the practice of benevolent governance, an emperor should be aware of the people’s suffering, meet their basic needs for survival, and respect and protect their property rights. The "kindness" of the people must be based on the establishment and protection of the personal " Stable Property". Mencius was the first person to establish a logical connection among individual occupation, property and overall social stability. "Sustaining the People’s Livelihood" is the distribution policy and institutional arrangement of "promoting politics and benevolence" for the emperor, and the basic human rights, including the property rights and wealth right, for the people. The people can only assume their ethical responsibilities after they own the property and wealth. The collection of taxes should seek a reasonable tension between the wealth produced and the amount of taxes, and the standard should not exceed the level that the people can bear. There is no when, no matter what kind of government to face, property rights cannot be transferred, otherwise people are selling out their individual freedom, and then they will be controlled and dominated. The assertion of property rights and the use of systems to guarantee individual property rights are the inherent requirements of "Sustaining the People’s Livelihood" and the essential provision of the concept of individual legal rights.
出处
《孔子研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期5-17,157,共14页
Confucius Studies
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“董仲舒传世文献考辨与历代注疏研究”(项目编号:19ZDA027)
上海交通大学“董仲舒学者支持计划”“春秋‘大一统’的观念兴起与历史影响研究”(项目编号:HSSJTU2020A01)的阶段性成果。
关键词
孟子
制民之产
恒产
恒心
财产权利
Mencius
Sustaining the People’s Livelihood
Stable Property
Constant Kindness
Property Rights
