摘要
人工智能促进了社会风险治理系列创新,正在成为国内外学术界热烈讨论的问题。通过典型案例与理论研究发现,就“技术治理”而言,在人工智能时代,风险治理首先需要解决的是技术问题,只有对技术做出最佳选择,才能促使治理效果最佳化。就“政府社会”而言,人工智能不仅提高了政府治理能力,而且通过复杂的自适应系统、社区参与与社区赋权促进了民间社会成为治理主体。就“挑战前景”而言,人工智能将在许多方面迅速使人类智能落后,最重要的风险治理技术问题将由人工智能负责,出现所谓的“技术奇异性”或“奇异性”现象而具有光明的应用前景。就“不足陷阱”而言,缺乏自我意识的人工智能比人类大脑要危险得多,它可能逃脱人类控制并制造更大的社会风险,在治理社会风险的同时,也可能制造了新的社会风险。尽管如此,人工智能是社会的一部分,不仅具有强烈的社会功能,而且具有快速性、准确性与广泛性其他功能,促进了风险治理的重大变革,治理者应将其上升到战略层面,主动适应其发展变化。
Artificial intelligence has promoted a series of innovations in social risk management,and it is becoming a hotly debated issue in academic circles at home and abroad.Through typical cases and theoretical research,it is found that in terms of“technology-governance”,in the era of artificial intelligence,risk governance first needs to solve technical problems.Only by making the best choice of technology can the governance effect be optimized.As far as“government-society”is concerned,artificial intelligence not only improves government governance capabilities,but also promotes civil society to become the main body of governance through complex adaptive systems,community participation,and community empowerment.In terms of“challenge-prospect”,artificial intelligence will rapidly make human intelligence lag behind in many aspects.The most important technical problem of risk management will be taken care of by artificial intelligence.The phenomenon of so-called“technological singularity”or“singularity”will appear,which has bright application prospects.In terms of“deficiency-trap”,artificial intelligence lacking self-awareness is much more dangerous than the human brain.It may escape human control and create greater social risks.While managing social risks,it may also create new ones.Nevertheless,as a part of the society,artificial intelligence has not only strong social functions,but also other functions such as rapidity,accuracy,and versatility,and has promoted major changes in risk management.The governor should raise it to the strategic level and actively adapt to its development and changes.
作者
周利敏
谷玉萍
ZHOU Limin(Department of Sociology,School of Public Administration,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,510006,China)
出处
《河海大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期38-45,106,共9页
Journal of Hohai University：Philosophy and Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(19ASH009)。
关键词
人工智能
社会风险
风险治理
治理创新
全生命周期
artificial intelligence
social risk
risk governance
governance innovation
full life cycle
