摘要
土壤改良剂已被广泛应用于改善土壤酸化环境进而防治植物根部病害.本文通过在榨菜(茎瘤芥)起垄期分别施用牡蛎壳粉、生物炭和草木灰,探索3种土壤改良剂对土壤酸化的改良效果,同时调查其对榨菜根肿病的田间防控效果、土壤微生物群落多样性变化和土壤FDA酶活性的影响.结果表明,3种改良剂均可以显著增加土壤pH值,尤其是施用牡蛎壳粉后效果最为显著,土壤pH值提高了0.45.施用牡蛎壳粉和生物炭后榨菜根肿病发病率分别降低了26%和16.67%,但草木灰处理与对照之间并没有显著性差异.施用土壤改良剂后其AWCD值、Simpson指数、McIntosh指数均有所增加.其中,牡蛎壳粉提高了根际土壤微生物群落的碳代谢能力,并提高了土壤FDA水解酶活性.同时,施用牡蛎壳粉后茎瘤芥产量最大,每667 m^(2)达2113.96 kg,每667 m^(2)产值增加了480.99元,其增产率达到了39.75%.因此,牡蛎壳粉可以作为最有效的土壤改良剂用于田间防治榨菜根肿病.
Soil ameliorators have been widely used to improve soil acidification environment and control plant root diseases.In this study,the effects of oyster shell powder,biochar and plant ash on soil acidification were investigated by soil addition method in the ridging stage of tumorous stem mustard.Meanwhile,the effects of the three soil ameliorators on the field control efficacy of mustard clubroot,changes in soil microbial community diversity and soil FDA enzyme activity were investigated.The results showed that the three ameliorators could significantly increase the soil pH value,especially the application of oyster shell powder,which increased the soil pH value by 0.45.Application of oyster shell powder and biochar reduced the incidence of club root in pickle by 26% and 16.67%,respectively,but there was no significant difference between plant ash treatment and the control group.The AWCD value,Simpson index and McIntoh index increased after soil conditioner application.Among them,oyster shell powder increased the carbon metabolism capacity of rhizosphere soil microbial community and increased the activity of soil FDA hydrolase.At the same time,soil amendment with oyster shell powder induced the highest yield of mustard,which was up to 2113.96 kg/mu(15 mu=1 ha),and the output value increased by 480.99 yuan/mu.The yield increase rate reached 39.75%.Therefore,oyster shell powder is recommended as the most effective soil ameliorant to control the root disease of mustard in the field.
作者
刘烈花
丁伟
LIU Lie-hua;DING Wei(School of Plant Protection,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)
出处
《植物医生》
2021年第3期19-25,共7页
Plant Doctor
基金
重庆市科委技术创新与应用示范项目(cstc2018jscx-mszdX0047).
关键词
土壤改良剂
根肿病
牡蛎壳粉
土壤微生物
soil ameliorator
club root
oyster shell powder
soil microbial community
