摘要
电催化氮还原反应(NRR)可以在环境条件下将N 2和H 2O转化为NH 3,是一种很有前途的固氮催化体系。然而,由于缺乏高效的催化剂,将电催化氮气还原合成氨工业化还难以实现。为此,深入了解NRR过程至关重要。笔者介绍了NRR的反应机理,阐述了NRR电催化剂的分类、特点及研究现状,分析了NRR电催化剂催化活性的影响因素。研究表明,孔结构发达、活性中心分散良好的材料具有较好的催化活性,杂原子掺杂、创造空位、界面修饰等是提高催化剂活性的有效手段。最后对电催化氮气还原技术的发展趋势进行了展望,研发高活性、高性价比、稳定性好的新型催化剂是未来发展的主要方向。通过对不同催化体系的论述,为后续NRR电催化剂的开发与改进提供思路。
Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)could convert N 2 and H 2O into NH 3 under ambient conditions,which is a promising catalytic system for nitrogen fixation.However,due to the lack of efficient catalyst,the industrialization of electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction synthesis ammonia is still difficult to achieve.For this reason,an in-depth understanding of the NRR process is essential.The reaction mechanism of NRR was introduced,i.e.the classification,characteristics and research status of NRR electrocatalysts were described,and the factors influencing the catalytic activity of NRR electrocatalyst were analyzed.The results show that the materials with well-developed pore structures and well dispersed active center have better catalytic activity.Impurity doping,vacancy creation and interfacial modification are effective means to improve the activity of catalyst.Finally,the development trend of electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction technology is prospected,and it is pointed out that the research and development of new catalysts with high activity,high cost performance and good stability are the main directions of future development.Through the discussion of different catalytic systems,it provides ideas for the development and improvement of subsequent NRR electrocatalysts.
作者
尹宏利
吕宪伟
邱书伟
任铁真
袁忠勇
YIN Hongli;LüXianwei;QIU Shuwei;REN Tiezhen;YUAN Zhongyong(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300130,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China;Bayingol Vocational and Technology College,Korla 841000,China)
出处
《石油学报（石油加工）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期953-966,共14页
Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2020D01A01)资助。
关键词
电催化
氮还原反应
电催化剂
合成氨
反应机理
electrocatalysis
nitrogen reduction reaction
electrocatalysts
ammonia synthesis
reaction mechanism
