摘要
【目的】研究商洛市食用菌重金属污染情况,评价其对人体的健康风险,为产业发展和消费安全提供科学依据。【方法】采用原子吸收光谱法与原子荧光光谱法测定食用菌栽培基质(菌包、木屑、麸皮、豆粕)、灌溉水和香菇、木耳中的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)和汞(Hg)含量,采用单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法对其污染状况进行分析,采用目标危险系数法评价食用菌中重金属产生的健康风险。【结果】168个食用菌栽培基质样本中As超标率达8.33%,Pb和Hg处于安全水平,Cd为警戒线水平,As达中度污染水平,主要污染基质为菌包。118个灌溉水样本中As超标率为1.69%,Pb、Cd和Hg处于安全水平,As达轻污染水平。120个食用菌样本中4种重金属含量均未超标,处于安全水平。Pb、Cd和Hg单一风险THQ值均小于1,但有3.33%和19.17%的样本As THQ值超过1,分别对成人和儿童存在一定的健康风险隐患;4种重金属复合风险有8.33%和27.50%的样本TTHQ值超过1,分别对成人和儿童带来健康风险隐患。【结论】商洛市食用菌栽培基质与灌溉水存在一定的As污染,食用菌中4种重金属含量低于相关标准,但存在一定的As健康风险隐患,尤其对儿童的摄入风险较高。
【Objective】This paper studied the pollution of heavy metals in edible fungi in Shangluo City,evaluated health risk of the pollution to humans,and provided scientific basis for edible fungi industrial development and consumption safety.【Method】The lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),arsenic(As),hydrargyrum(Hg)contents in the cultivation matrix of edible fungi(bag,sawdust,bran,soybean meal),irrigation water,shiitake and agaric were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry.The pollution status was analyzed by single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index,and the health risk of heavy metals in edible fungi was evaluated by target risk coefficient(THQ,TTHQ)method.【Result】The results showed that the excess rate of As in 168 edible fungi cultivation substrates was 8.33%,the Pb and Hg were at a safe level,the Cd was at alertness line level,the As reached a moderate pollution level,and the main contaminated substrate was bacterial bag.The excess rate of As in 118 irrigation water samples was 1.69%,the Pb,Cd and Hg were at a safe level and the As reached the level of light pollution.The contents of 4 heavy metals in 120 edible fungi were not exceeded the standard and kept at a safe level.The single risk THQ values of Pb,Cd,Hg were less than 1,but there were still 3.33%and 19.17%of samples with As THQ values more than 1,it indicated that they had some health risks for adults and children respectively.And four kinds of heavy metal compound risk TTHQ values in 8.33%and 27.50%samples were more than 1,they would bring health risks to adults and children respectively.【Conclusion】The results show that there is certain As pollution in the edible fungi cultivation substrate and irrigation water in Shangluo City.The contents of four heavy metals in edible fungi are lower than standards,but there still have some health risks of As pollution,the health risks for children are high.
作者
董照锋
赵宇
李娟
任岗
DONG Zhao-feng;ZHAO Yu;LI Juan;REN Gang(Shangluo Municipal Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Center,Shangluo,Shaanxi 726000,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期1066-1072,共7页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1606701)
陕西省农业科技示范推广项目(KJCX-2016-03)。
关键词
食用菌
重金属
污染风险
健康风险
商洛市
edible fungi
heavy metal
pollution risk
health risk
Shangluo City
