摘要
快递业是现代服务业的重要组成部分,是推动流通方式转型、促进消费升级的现代化先导性产业。中国快递业的蓬勃发展,得益于电子商务的强劲驱动。然而,近年来持续低价竞争乃至低于成本的倾销和掠夺,成为制约电商快递业健康发展的重大问题。持续低价竞争具有多方面的危害,使电商快递业陷入内卷化困境,造成资源错配和浪费,扭曲公平竞争机制,损害消费者利益,挤压快递员劳动收入,加剧经济不平等,背离包容性增长的社会经济目标。持续低价竞争根本上是由一系列结构性因素所驱动的,包括快递企业的加盟制网络布局高度重合,服务趋于同质化,严重依赖电商平台商流,新竞争者强势入局等,对电商快递业持续低价竞争行为形成体系化、长效性的法律防治措施具有迫切的必要性。为此,应协同并用促进型与限禁型法律规范,找准现有法规的不足和问题,积极探索电商快递业持续低价竞争行为的法律防治之道。一方面,应加快制定快递业促进法,引导电商快递业供给侧结构优化转型,消解使快递企业持续陷入低价竞争的结构性诱因;另一方面,着力改进规范配置,激活制度功能,强化协同治理,建立针对恶性低价竞争行为的行业监管、价格监管、反不正当竞争规制、反垄断规制等法律防治体系。
The express delivery industry,the important component of modern service industry,is a modern and pioneering industry that promotes the transformation of distribution modes and the upgrading of consumption.The rapid development of China’s express industry cannot be separated from the strong drive of e-commerce.In recent years,the continuous low-price competition and even the dumping below the cost have become a major problem restricting the healthy development of the e commerce express industry.The continuous low-price competition has many harms,which leads the e-commerce express industry into the dilemma of“involution”,causes resource misallocation and waste,distorts the fair competition mechanism,damages the interests of consumers,squeezes the labors’income,aggravates economic inequality,and deviates from the social and economic goal of inclusive growth.Although the COVID 19 epidemic has played a catalytic role in the price war,the continuous low-price competition is fundamentally driven by a series of structural factors,including the highly overlapping network layout of express delivery,the tendency of service homogenization,heavy reliance on e-commerce platforms’business flow,and the strong entry of new competitors.It is of urgent necessity to form systematic and long-term legal measures to prevent and control the continuous low-price competition in the e-commerce express delivery industry.To this end,we should use both the promoting and restricting legal norms,find out the problems in existing laws and regulations,and explore the legal way to prevent low-price competition.On the one hand,it is necessary to accelerate the formulation of the Law on Promotion of Express Industry,guide the optimization and transformation of the supply side structure of the e-commerce express industry,and eliminate the structural incentives that lead express enterprises to continue to fall into low-price competition;on the other hand,efforts should be made to improve standard configuration,activate institutional function
作者
郝俊淇
Hao Jun-qi(Institute of Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100720,China)
出处
《中国流通经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第7期119-128,共10页
China Business and Market
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“大数据条件下反垄断法遇到的挑战与制度因应研究”(20CFX057)
司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“中国参与跨境数据流动规则制定的研究与应对”(19SFB3046)。
关键词
电商快递
低价竞争
行业监管
价格监管
法律防治
e-commerce express
low-price competition
industry supervision
price supervision
prevention and control of the law
