摘要
在重塑劳动教育意义和价值的当代,人类劳动已然不只是成人的活动,而且是一种贯穿人整全生命生长的人的活动。幼儿作为人生命的最初生长形态,对其的劳动教育应是符合最初生命状态的教育。为明晰幼儿劳动教育在整体生长教育中的独特内涵,文章从辨别其与幼儿体育、幼儿游戏及成人劳动等三方面的差异性出发,阐明了幼儿劳动教育是立足幼儿的身心发展水平,着眼幼儿整全生命的现实生长的非功利的、自由自然并且回归幼儿精神生长的活动,辨明了幼儿劳动教育具有促进幼儿身体、道德、认知、社会性及审美等方面发展的价值和开启幼儿自然心、劳动技能认知、劳动意识、劳动情感、劳动知识及劳动行为等奠基性价值。在具体的实施过程中,教育者需要遵守安全性、教育性、适度适量性、统一性等发展性原则和生活性、快乐性、随时性、体验性、自然性、需求性等动力性原则,还要通过开展多主题劳动活动、设置劳动环境、融合劳动理念及结合劳动榜样等有效的教育方法,将劳动教育引向实践,以培养幼儿正确的劳动态度、良好的劳动习惯和初步的劳动审美意识,进而促进幼儿生命完整且健康地生长。
In the contemporary era of reshaping the significance and value of labor education,human labor is not only an activity of adult,but also an activity that runs through the growth of human life.As the initial form of human life,children’s labor education should be in line with the initial state of life.In order to clarify the unique connotation of children’s labor education in the overall growth education,this paper starts from distinguishing the differences between children’s physical education,children’s games and adult labor,and expounds that children’s labor education is a non-utilitarian,free and natural activity based on children’s physical and mental development,focusing on the realistic growth of children’s whole life,and returning to children’s spiritual growth.It is identified that children’s labor education has the value of promoting the development of children’s physics,morality,cognition,sociality and aesthetics,and the foundational value of opening children’s natural mind,labor skill cognition,labor consciousness,labor emotion,labor knowledge and labor behavior.At the same time,it is pointed out that in the specific process of implementation,educators need to abide by the development principles of safety,education,moderation and unity,and the dynamic principles such as vitality,happiness,timeliness,experience,naturalness and demand.It is also necessary to introduce labor education into practice through effective educational methods such as carrying out multi-theme labor activities,setting up a labor environment,integrating labor concepts and combining labor role models,so as to cultivate children’s correct labor attitude,good labor habits and preliminary labor aesthetic consciousness,and then promote children’s complete and healthy growth.
作者
黄英杰
张钊瑜
HUANG Yingjie;ZHANG Zhaoyu(Sechol of Education and Psychological Sciences,Sichuan University of Science&Fngineering,Zigong,Sichuan,643000,China)
出处
《教育与教学研究》
2021年第7期19-35,共17页
Education and Teaching Research
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“‘双一流’大学建设背景下地方本科大学国家化问题研究”(编号:BIA170240)。
关键词
实践教育哲学
幼儿劳动教育
劳动态度
劳动习惯
劳动审美意识
philosophy of practical education
early childhood labor education
labor attitude
labor habit
labor aesthetic consciousness
