摘要
相对于数字技术而言,"人肉"是低效、倒退和反技术的,但是当前却存在着人肉搜索、人肉评论、肉身翻墙和人肉代购等具身传播实践。除了从政策的角度来分析这些现象外,身体与传播技术的视角给我们提供了一个消除人与技术二元对立的契机。身体将人与网络连接在一起,中介了人与网络的关系。从拉图尔的行动者网络理论(actor network theory)视角出发,可以将具有物质性与文化特征的身体视为行动者,用"网络化身体"(networked body)这一概念讨论作为中介和非人的身体如何将人与互联网连接在一起。在此逻辑下,媒介不是人体的延伸,反过来人体成为媒介的延伸。通过经验研究发现,人的身体能够生产数据、成为网络的义体,因此可以作为技术系统的"补丁"存在。与此同时,物质性的身体又能够切断与网络的连接,作为破坏网络秩序的"病毒"存在。从身体这一混杂物的角度,可以发现人与网络技术的复杂关系,同时"网络化身体"也为如何从身体角度研究传播现象提供了新视角和方法。
Compared with technological automation,"human flesh(renrou)"and the relevant bodily/manual labour are seeming less productive,regressive,and anti-technology in modern societies.Currently in China,however,there are diverse practices of such embodied work such as human flesh searching(renrou sousuo),manual commenting bot(renrou pinglun),bodily Internet wall-climbing(roushen fanqiang),and bodily shopping agents(renrou daigou)appeared in the Internet technological system.In addition to analyzing these phenomena from a policy perspective,the perspective of connecting human body and communication technology gives us an opportunity to resolve the dichotomy between human and machine.We discuss how human flesh become an alternative mediator between human and machine thus reshaping their interconnections.Based on Latour’s Actor-Network-Theory,we suggest that human bodies,composed of material and cultural traits,act as actants in contemporary technological system.We conceptualize"networked body"to theorize such nexus of human and the Internet technology.Through the lens,the Mc Luhan’s famous proposition that"media is the extension of human body"reverses:Human bodies extend media technology.Based on two empirical studies,we propose that,human bodies on the one hand become"patches"of the Internet technological system in contemporary Chinese society,as human flesh is appropriated to produce data and act as cyber prosthesis for algorithm.On the other hand,the materiality of human bodies may interrupt the order of the system,as"viruses",when people selective connect and disconnect their bodies with the Internet.In conclusion,the"networked body"provides new perspectives and methods for studying communication phenomena from the perspective of the body.From the perspective of the body as a hybrid,the complex relationship between human and network technology can be discovered.
作者
刘海龙
谢卓潇
束开荣
LIU Hai-long;XIE Zhuo-xiao;SHU Kai-rong
出处
《新闻大学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期40-55,122,123,共18页
Journalism Research
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“新媒体技术与网络民族主义研究”(17AXW011)的阶段性成果。
关键词
人肉
具身传播实践
互联网
行动者网络
技术政治
human flesh(renrou)
embodied communication practice
Internet
Actor-Network-Theory
technological politics
