摘要
世界上诸多大型河口三角洲(简称大河三角洲)均发生不同程度的地面沉降,但因自然和人为因素差异,三角洲地区的沉降机制亦有不同。目前的研究认为,影响大型河口三角洲地面沉降的因素包括沉积物固结压实、构造活动、冻土融化、泥炭氧化、砂土液化、热地幔对流、板块俯冲、均衡作用等自然过程以及地下流体开采、建筑荷载等人类活动,不同时间尺度的地质作用对地面沉降造成的影响程度差异很大。自然沉降往往是一个缓慢累积的过程,而人类活动造成的地面沉降往往速率更快,并表现出一定程度的滞后以及随时间衰减的特征。归纳分析了全球主要大河三角洲地面沉降规律和机理的研究成果,提出了地面沉降的概念模型,并以黄河三角洲为例,通过卫星遥感方法大面积、快速获取现代黄河三角洲的地面沉降信息,定性分析其沉降原因。掌握黄河三角洲地面沉降的时空分布及其诱发因素,对应对全球相对海平面上升以及防灾减灾具有重要意义。
Land subsidence happens to different extend in many mega-river deltas(MRD)in the world.However,the subsidence mechanisms of the delta areas differ due to the differences in natural and anthropogenic forces.The current researches hold that the factors that affect the land subsidence of the mega-river deltas include both the natural processes such as sediment consolidation and compaction,tectonic activities,permafrost melting,peat oxidation,sand liquefaction,thermal mantle convection,plate subduction,equalization action,etc.and the human activities such as underground resource and/or fluid mining,building loads,and so on.The influence of the geological actions of different time scales on the land subsidence of the delta varies greatly.The natural subsidence is often a slow accumulation process,whereas that caused by the human activities is usually faster in speed and characterizes with a certain degree of lag and decay over time.Research results of the law and mechanisms of the land subsidence of the major mega-river deltas in the world are summarized and a conceptual model for the land subsidence is proposed.By taking the Yellow River Delta as the example,the information about the land subsidence of the modern Yellow River Delta has been acquired fast and in a larger area by using remote sensing technology and the reason for causing the land subsidence has been analyzed.Grasping the spatial and temporal distribution and inducing factors of the land subsidence of the Yellow River Delta is of great significance for responding the global relative sea level rise and disaster prevention and mitigation.
作者
付云霞
管勇
王晓丹
王建收
尹政
周晓雪
王青
徐美君
FU Yun-xia;GUAN Yong;WANG Xiao-dan;WANG Jian-shou;YIN Zheng;ZHOU Xiao-xue;WANG Qing;XU Mei-jun(Key Laboratory of Urban Geology and Underground Space Resources,Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,Qingdao 266100,China;Qingdao Geo-engineering Exploration Institute(Qingdao geological exploration and Development Bureau),Qingdao 266100,China)
出处
《海岸工程》
2021年第2期83-95,共13页
Coastal Engineering
基金
山东省地质矿产勘查开发局地质勘查和科技创新项目——山东省海岸带地质环境演变规律与机制(202003)。
关键词
大河三角洲
沉降机制
自然和人类活动
黄河三角洲
mega-river delta
sinking mechanism
natural and anthropogenic process
Yellow River Delta
