摘要
我国违法解雇救济从《劳动法》时期的恢复为主、赔偿不足,到如今普遍惩罚、救济失衡,一直未恰到好处地实现解雇救济利益的平衡,究其原因是救济制度既疏离于民事救济的理论框架,也未充分考虑解雇保护的特殊性。这不符合我国《民法典》时代民法的社会化趋势,也迥异于域外国家解雇救济以民法为本的立法模式。以民事损害赔偿救济模式和原理为指导,考虑解雇保护的目标和平衡性,对滥用解雇权等一般违法解雇,遵循完全赔偿原则,缩短仲裁时效,引导劳动关系尽快恢复原状,当劳动关系难以恢复时,遵循合理赔偿原则,对劳动者解雇损失有限赔偿;对社会失当性解雇等特定的严重违法解雇则适用惩罚性赔偿,以劳动者损失为基础,考虑行为过错、用人单位获利等因素确定比例关系下的赔偿金额,确立以恢复填补为一般,以惩罚性赔偿为例外的违法解雇救济体系。
The relief system for wrongful dismissal emphasizes recovery and inadequate relief in the period of Labor Law,but now the punishment is widespread and relief is out of balance.As a result,unfair and reasonable remedy results often appear in practice.The essential reason is that the relief system is not only divorced from the theoretical framework of civil relief,but also does not fully consider the particularity of dismissal practice,which is not in line with the needs of labor law and civil law division of labor in the national governance in the field of labor,but also different from the thinking and rules of dismissal relief in foreign countries.In the era of Civil Code,it is necessary to return to the civil tort relief theory and consider the guidance and balance of dismissal protection.For general illegal dismissals,such as abuse of the right to dismiss,the principle of full compensation shall be followed,and a relatively short time limit for arbitration shall be established to guide the restoration of labor relations and compensation for losses as soon as possible.When the labor relationship is difficult to recover,the principle of reasonable compensation should be followed to realize the limited compensation for the loss of dismissal.For serious wrongful dismissals,such as socially inappropriate dismissals,punitive damages shall be applied.Based on the loss of the worker,taking into account various factors such as the fault of the act and the profit of the employer.Finally,the relief mode of wrongful dismissal is established,which is generally based on recovery and filling relief and special based on punitive compensation.
作者
王一帆
WANG Yi-fan(School of Law,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China)
出处
《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2021年第3期50-62,共13页
Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“供给侧改革视阈下我国职业培训法律问题研究”(2018BFX194)
安徽省高校人文社科重点项目“劳动领域群体争议的利益衡量与整合治理研究”(SK2018A0283)。
