摘要
高温给城市人口健康和社会发展带来的脆弱性后果愈发严重,如何科学量化与评估城市高温人口脆弱性,为制定更具针对性的高温适应对策提供科学依据成为当前国际研究热点。在城市高温人口脆弱性分析框架基础上,以西安市为例,整合遥感影像、手机信令、POI、社会经济等多源数据,从高温暴露、敏感性、适应能力3个维度构建高温影响下人口脆弱性评估指标体系和脆弱性测度模型,揭示高温人口脆弱性等级分布特征和空间异质性,识别人口脆弱性空间地域及其致脆因子类型。结果表明:①西安市高温暴露、敏感性和适应能力都表现出显著的空间集聚特征,且总体上均呈现出"中心-边缘"结构,即城市中心地区形成"高暴露、高敏感、高适应",城市边缘表现为"低暴露、低敏感、低适应"。②西安市人口脆弱性以低值和较低水平为主,脆弱性也具有显著的空间集聚性,脆弱性较高地区主要集中在城市三环以内,形成断续的"岛状"分布形态,脆弱性低值和较低值地区分布在城市边缘。③不同致脆类型的面积占比依次为综合主导型(37.3%)>高温暴露主导型(33.3%)>适应能力不足主导型(23.6%)>人口敏感主导型(5.8%);高温暴露主导型广泛分布在城市中心、北部和西部等地,人口敏感主导型相对集中在城市中心偏南地区,适应能力不足主导型主要分布在城市边缘,综合主导型主要集中在城市南部,北部也有大量分散式分布。本研究可在城市高温人口脆弱性评估方法,城市高温人口脆弱性的减缓与治理等方面提供借鉴和启示。
Due to extreme heat events and urban heat island effects,urban population health and socio-economic development have become increasingly vulnerable.How to accurately quantify and assess the urban population vulnerability to heat,and provide a scientific basis for formulating more targeted heat adaptation strategies has become an international research hotspot.This study aimed to assess the population vulnerability to heat stress in Xi’an,and obtain a fine-scale urban vulnerability map.First,we integrated remote sensing,cellular signaling data,POI and other socioeconomic data,and constructed an assessment index system of population vulnerability based on three dimensions including exposure,sensitivity and adaptive capacity.Second,we developed a population vulnerability model to measure exposure index,sensitivity index,adaptive capacity index,and population vulnerability index at grid scale in Xi’an.Finally,this study revealed the spatial distribution and heterogeneity of population vulnerability in the study area,and identified vulnerability types and its spatial pattern.The results are shown in the following aspects.(1)The exposure index,sensitivity index and adaptability index not only present significant spatial agglomeration characteristics,but also show a clear center-periphery structure.The central areas of the city are dominated by the high exposure index,high sensitivity index,and high adaptive capacity index,while the outer urban areas are dominated by low exposure index,low sensitivity index,and low adaptive capacity index.(2)The proportion of the area with the lowest and lower levels of population vulnerability index is larger in Xi’an.The population vulnerability index also shows significant spatial agglomeration.The areas with high population vulnerability index are mainly concentrated within the third ring road of the city,while the areas with low vulnerability index are concentrated in the urban fringe areas.(3)According to different dominant factors,vulnerability is grouped into four types in
作者
黄晓军
祁明月
赵凯旭
郑殿元
刘萌萌
HUANG Xiaojun;QI Mingyue;ZHAO Kaixu;ZHENG Dianyuan;LIU Mengmeng(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Xi'an 710127,China;Shaanxi Xi'an Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Xi'an 710127,China;Northwest Branch of Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute,Xi'an 710000,China)
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期1684-1700,共17页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41971178)
陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLESS201807)
西安市社科基金世界城地组织专项重点项目(cds01)。
关键词
高温
人口
脆弱性
暴露
敏感性
适应能力
西安市
heat
population
vulnerability
exposure
sensitivity
adaptive capacity
Xi’an
