摘要
随着社会对环保、清洗效率以及清洗后表面质量的要求越来越高,传统清洗方法如机械清洗、化学溶剂清洗、水射流辅助清洗以及超声波清洗等已无法满足工业清洗的需求,不仅清洗效率低,被清洗表面质量得不到保证,甚至产生二次损伤,还容易对环境造成污染。先进激光清洗技术的出现为这些问题的解决提供了有效手段,这种清洗技术在不对环境造成污染的同时,还能有效保证清洗后的表面质量,展现了其特有的优越性,是21世纪最具潜力的清洗技术之一。激光清洗技术作为一种通过激光与污染物快速作用达到清洁目的的新型绿色清洗技术,可以广泛应用到除漆,除锈,除油,清除微米级、亚微米级颗粒,保护文物以及清洗城市涂鸦等各个方向。近年来,激光清洗成为工业清洗领域的研究热点,国内外研究人员在激光清洗的效率、工艺以及机理等方面做了大量研究工作,使激光清洗技术与理论体系日臻完善,激光清洗技术在各个领域的应用也逐渐成熟。但随着人们对激光清洗的工艺和机理研究不断深入,大多数研究的关注点仍集中在清洗效率和表面清洁度方面,在激光与污物层或基体的交互作用方向、表面完整性和性能演变方向的机理研究仍未取得进展,对清洗后表面质量的研究仍集中于表面粗糙度及显微硬度,对清洗后表层显微组织结构以及表面内应力等表面完整性方面的研究较少。本文列举了国内外各领域在激光清洗方面的典型应用,针对参数匹配的优化、清洗机理、清洗范围以及清洗后表面完整性的相关研究展开了讨论,并对激光清洗技术的未来发展方向进行了展望。
With the requirement of environmental protection,cleaning efficiency and surface quality,conventional cleaning processes including mechanical cleaning,chemical solvent cleaning,water-jet assisted cleaning and ultrasonic cleaning can not meet the industrial standards due to the low efficiency,poor surface quality and potential secondary damage.Advanced laser cleaning is promising to break these barriers because this technology is environmental-friendly and can ensure the surface quality,and thus is regarded as the most potential cleaning technology in the 21st century.Laser cleaning is a green cleaning technology that takes effects via the transient interaction between the laser beam and the dirt layer.This technology can be applied in manyaspects such as the removing paint,rust and oil,eliminating microscale or sub-microscale particles,and cleaning up the urban graffiti.In recent years,intensive efforts have been made on the processing,the cleaning efficiency and the mechanism of laser cleaning,broadening both the processing and the theory of this technology.However,most of the studies are concentrated on cleaning efficiency and surface cleanliness,while,by contrast,some other important issues,i.e.the interaction between laser beam and substrate or dirt layer,the surface integrity and the properties evolution,deserve considerably more attention.Moreover,in terms of post-cleaning surface quality,resear-chers focus mainly on surface roughness and microhardness,and our knowledge on surface integrity,including microstructure characteristics and internal stress,is still of negligible account.This paper provides a summary of the applications of laser cleaning technology in various industries,an analysis of the relevant researches on the processing parameters optimization,the cleaning mechanisms and the post-cleaning surface integrity.It ends with a prospective but brief discussion of the future trends.
作者
单腾
王思捷
殷凤仕
乔玉林
刘鹏飞
SHAN Teng;WANG Sijie;YIN Fengshi;QIAO Yulin;LIU Pengfei(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China;National Engineering Research Center for Mechanical Product Remanufacturing,Army Academy of Armored Forces,Beijing 100072,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期11163-11172,共10页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(51805541)
2018年国家重点研发计划(2018YFB0407401)。
关键词
激光清洗
表面清洁度
表面完整性
工艺优化
清洗机理
laser cleaning
surface cleanliness
surface integrity
processing optimization
cleaning mechanism
