摘要
【目的】明确林下套种知母的生长特性及活性成分含量变化规律,为知母的高产优质规范化栽培提供参考。【方法】分别采用单因素试验和双因素试验研究不同繁殖方式(种子繁殖与分株繁殖),杏林下不同种植密度[行距(30 cm、40 cm/20 cm)和株距(10 cm、20 cm、30 cm)]及不同基肥配比(基肥种类与施肥量)对知母生长指标和有效活性成分含量的影响。【结果】杏林套种知母高产优质规范化栽培最佳模式:基肥种类与配比为农肥粪200 kg/hm^(2)+复合肥3700 kg/hm^(2),种植方式采用早春或晚秋分株繁殖,密度为株行距30 cm×(40 cm/20 cm);此时,知母分蘖数较少、株高较矮,根茎鲜重最大,根茎长度较大,分别为3.51个、72.80 cm、30.33 g和12.79 cm;有效活性成分芒果苷和知母皂苷BⅡ含量达最高,分别为2.67%和14.03%。【结论】杏林套种知母宜在早春或晚秋分株繁殖,移栽时基肥最好用有机肥搭配复合肥,行株距保持在30 cm×(40 cm/20 cm),知母的药用成分芒果苷和知母皂苷BⅡ的含量最高,且符合2015版药典标准。
【Objective】The growth characteristics and variation rules in active component content of Anemarrhena asphodeloides intercropping under forest are explored to provide a reference for high-yield,good-quality and standardized cultivation of A.asphodeloides.【Method】The effects of different propagation patterns(seed propagation and division propagation),different planting densities under apricot forest[row spacing(30 cm,40 cm/20 cm)and plant spacing(10 cm,20 cm and 30 cm)]and different base fertilizer ratios(base fertilizer kind and application level)on growth indexes and active component content of A.asphodeloides are studied by using single factor test and double factor test.【Result】The optimum pattern of high-yield,good-quality and standardized cultivation of A.asphodeloides intercropping with apricot forest include:200 kg/hm^(2) organic manure+3700 kg/hm^(2) compound fertilizer of base fertilizer kind and ratio,early spring or late autumn division propagation of planting pattern and plant row spacing 30 cm×(40 cm/20 cm)of density.The optimum pattern can get the less tiller number,shorter plant height,maximum fresh weight of rhizome,and longer rhizome length,which is 3.51,72.80 cm,30.33 g and 12.79 cm.And mangiferin and timosaponin B II content of active component reach the maximum,respectively 2.67%and 14.03%.【Conclusion】Apricot forest intercropping A.asphodeloides can be separately propagated in early spring or late autumn.When transplanting,organic fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer is the best base fertilizer.Plant row spacing is 30 cm×(40 cm/20 cm).Under the optimum pattern,the mangiferin and timosaponin B II content of medical component in A.asphodeloides is the highest,and can accord with the standard of China Pharmacopoeia of 2015.
作者
王洪博
蔡景竹
麻文婕
WANG Hongbo;CAI Jingzhu;MA Wenjie(Hebei Chest Hospital,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050041;College of Agriculture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2021年第4期105-111,共7页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
河北省中医药管理局科研计划项目“蔚县贫困地区干旱地带知母单品栽培及林下套种的实验研究”(2020157)。
关键词
知母
种植模式
知母皂苷BⅡ
配方施肥
药用植物
Anemarrhena asphodeloides
planting pattern
timosaponin BⅡ
formula fertilization
medicinal plants
