摘要
【目的】明确籽用西葫芦生长发育过程中籽粒性状及营养成分积累规律。【方法】以内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院自育籽用西葫芦品种金地3号为试验材料,测定授粉后7~70 d籽用西葫芦籽粒大小、重量,籽粒粗脂肪、蛋白质、淀粉、可溶性糖等主要指标。【结果】不同生育时期籽粒性状及营养物质含量的变化差异较大,授粉后14 d内是籽粒的快速增长期,种子形态主要在此阶段建成,籽粒长度、宽度分别由0.91、0.51 cm增长到1.76、1.11 cm,增长量分别占籽粒建成后的44.54%、52.54%;授粉14 d以后,籽粒大小增长速度十分缓慢,但籽粒重量不断增加,直至籽粒成熟;授粉后14~70 d,籽粒的长度、宽度分别增加了8.56%、3.30%,单瓜籽粒重从11.52 g增加到67.31 g,百粒干重则由3.77 g增加到20.93 g。在种子成熟过程中,粗脂肪和蛋白质含量呈逐渐上升趋势,分别在授粉后63 d和70 d达到最高值(43.21%和35.07%);淀粉含量和可溶性糖含量分别在授粉后28、14 d逐渐减少,56 d后籽粒中检测不到可溶性糖含量。【结论】籽用西葫芦种子成熟主要分为2个阶段:一是授粉后14 d内,为种子形态建成的主要阶段;二是授粉后21 d进入粗脂肪和蛋白质等营养物质的积累阶段。授粉后28~42 d是籽粒营养物质积累的关键时期。
【Objective】To clarify the grain traits and accumulation rule of nutrient components during the growth and development of calabash-seed.【Methods】The variety“Jindi No.3”(Breeding by Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences)was used as the test material.The grain size,weight and crude fat,protein,starch,soluble sugar of the grains were studied after 7 to 70 days of pollination.【Results】There was a great difference in grain traits and nutrient content at different growth stages.The first 14 days after pollination was the rapid growth period of the grain,and the seed morphology was mainly established in this stage.The length and width of the grains increased from 0.91 and 0.51 cm to 1.76 and 1.11 cm,and the increase amount accounted for 44.54%and 52.54%of the grain after completion.Fourteen days after pollination,grain size increased slowly,but the grain weight increased continuously until the grain was mature.From 14 to 70 days after pollination,grain length and width increased by 8.56%and 3.30%respectively.Grain weight per melon increased from 11.52 g to 67.31 g;the dry weight of 100-grain increased from 3.77 g to 20.93 g.During seed maturation,crude fat and protein contents increased gradually,and reached the highest values on 63rd and 70th day after pollination,which were 43.21% and 35.07%. Starch content and soluble sugar content decreased gradually on 28th and 14th day after pollination,respectively,and soluble sugar content could not be detected on 56th day after pollination.【Conclusion】Seed maturation of calabash-seed divided into two stages:the first stage was the main stage of seed morphology formation within 14 days after pollination;the second stage was the accumulation stage of crude fat and protein at 21 days after pollination. The critical period for the accumulation of grain nutrients from 28 to 42 days after pollination.
作者
菅彩媛
苏文斌
郭晓霞
黄春燕
李智
樊福义
宫前恒
田露
张强
张建民
任霄云
JIAN Caiyuan;SU Wenbin;GUO Xiaoxia;HUANG Chunyan;LI Zhi;FAN Fuyi;GONG Qianheng;TIAN Lu;ZHANG Qiang;ZHANG Jianmin;REN Xiaoyun(Institute of Special Crops,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Ulanqab Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Jining 012000,China;Sheltala Farm and Pasture of Hulun Buir Farm Reclamation Group,Hailar 021000,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2021年第2期109-114,共6页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
内蒙古农牧业青年创新基金项目(2019QNJJNO8)
内蒙古自治区科技成果转化项目(2020CG0099)。
关键词
籽用西葫芦
籽粒性状
营养成分
积累规律
Calabash-seed
Grain traits
Nutrient composition
Accumulation rule
