摘要
人工智能(AI)产业高速发展,伴生了多种社会伦理风险,且相关后果已经逐步显现;让人类在充分安全的条件下享用智能技术带来的有利收益,成为AI监管过程的重要任务。本文从AI伦理焦点问题着手,对智能技术的机器权利与人权分配、社会信任危机、数据及算法安全性、确权与责任归属等已经出现的风险问题进行细致梳理;总结了国内外AI产业的发展路径和政策现状,据此多维度开展我国AI领域伦理监管的需求分析。研究认为,应根据AI技术进展,分阶段延伸AI治理的监管范围;建立伦理、法律、政策相结合的多维度监管框架,提供相对充分的社会言论空间,确保各利益相关方参与AI安全公共讨论;有序完善多层级的科技伦理监管组织机构,积极参与AI国际规则制定,为我国AI产业的全球化发展机遇创造良好条件。
The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)industry is accompanied by various social ethical risks,and the consequences of these risks have gradually emerged.Allowing humans to securely enjoy the major benefits of AI technology has become an important task of AI supervision.In this article,we first analyze the focus issues of AI ethics,including the distribution of machine and human rights,social trust crisis of AI,security of data and algorithms,as well as confirmation of rights and attribution of liability.Subsequently,we summarize the development paths and policy status of AI industry in China and abroad,and analyze the demand for AI ethical supervision in China from multiple dimensions.Furthermore,we suggest that the supervision scope of AI should be extended in a staged manner based on the technical progress of AI.To create better global development opportunities for China’s AI industry,a multi-dimensional supervision framework that combines ethics,law,and policy should be established,a sufficient social discussion space should be provided for all stakeholders to participate in public discussion on AI security,scientific and technological ethics supervision organizations of multiple levels should be improved in an orderly manner,and China should actively participate in the formulation of AI international rules.
作者
刘露
杨晓雷
高文
Liu Lu;Yang Xiaolei;Gao Wen(Peking University Law School,Beijing 100871,China;Peking University Laboratory for Law and Artificial Intelligence,Beijing 100871,China;Department of Computer Science and Technology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《中国工程科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期106-112,共7页
Strategic Study of CAE
基金
中国工程院咨询项目“我国工程科技伦理若干问题及应对战略研究”(2019-XZ-46)
中国工程院咨询项目“新一代人工智能安全与自主可控发展战略研究”(2019-ZD-01)。
关键词
人工智能
治理架构
伦理监管
伦理委员会
artificial intelligence(AI)
governance structure
ethical supervision
ethics committee
