摘要
【目的】探讨本地区有机肥替代部分化肥对主栽露地蔬菜品种产量品质及对肥料吸收利用率的影响,为有机无机肥料合理配施提供理论依据。【方法】2019年4-7月在云南省通海县秀山镇进行了大白菜—甘蓝田间小区试验,供试作物品种为大地519大白菜和云绿1317甘蓝。2种蔬菜分别设置了不施肥对照、只施化肥常规处理、以及有机无机肥比2∶8(20%OF)、3∶7(30%OF)、4∶6(40%OF)、5∶5(50%OF)不同比例替代处理,共6个处理,36个小区。测定了大白菜和甘蓝的产量、品质指标及肥料利用率等。【结果】结合大白菜、甘蓝的株高、展开度等植物学性状以及产量、经济系数等商品性状,30%OF处理,即有机肥替代30%化肥的配施模式下,大白菜和甘蓝具备最佳的商品特性和产量产出。和常规只施化肥相比,既增加了产量,同时提高了蔬菜的商品外观品质,又降低了化肥的投入量,随着肥料的利用效率和偏生产力提高,实现了减肥提质增效的综合效益。20%OF处理为次优处理,产量、株高以及肥料利用率等与常规施肥相比,表现出不同程度的优势。与常规施肥处理相比,各优化施肥处理间综合施肥效益排序为30%OF>20%OF>40%OF>50%OF。即有机肥替代30%化肥的情况下,蔬菜的植物学性状和经济产量均可获得最大收益。【结论】不同比例有机肥替代化肥对大白菜和甘蓝产量、品质和肥料利用率的影响有明显差异,有机肥替代30%化肥为最佳的替代比例,可以实现减化肥提品质的双优目标。
【Objective】The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of some organic fertilizers in the region on the yield and quality of main vegetable varieties and the absorption and utilization of fertilizers,and provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of organic and inorganic fertilizers.【Method】The Chinese cabbage-cabbage field experiment was carried out in Xiushan town,Tonghai county,Yunnan province from April to July in 2019.The tested crop varieties were DaDi 519 Chinese cabbage and YunLv 1317 cabbage.The two vegetables were set with no fertilization control,only chemical fertilizer treatment,and the ratios of organic and inorganic fertilizer 2∶8(20%OF),3∶7(30%OF),4∶6(40%OF),5∶5(50%OF)substitution processing,a total of 36 plots 6 processing.The yield,quality index and fertilizer utilization rate of Chinese cabbage and cabbage were measured.【Result】Combination with the plant height and expansion degree OF Chinese cabbage and cabbage,as well as the yield,economic coefficient and other commercial characteristics,Chinese cabbage and cabbage had the best commercial characteristics and yield under the combination application mode OF 30%OF treatment,i.e.organic fertilizer instead OF 30%chemical fertilizer.Compared with the conventional chemical fertilizer alone,it not only increased the yield,but also improved the appearance quality of the vegetables,and reduced the input amount of the fertilizer,and improved the fertilizer utilization efficiency and partial productivity,which realized the comprehensive benefits of weight loss,quality and efficiency.The 20%OF treatment was sub-optimal treatment,and the yield,plant height and fertilizer utilization rate showed different degrees of advantages compared with conventional fertilization.Compared with conventional fertilization treatment,the rational fertilization efficiency of each optimized fertilization treatment was 30%OF>20%OF>40%OF>50%OF.When 30%of organic fertilizer was used as a substitute for chemical fertilizer,the botani
作者
耿川雄
张茜
朱红业
鲁耀
陈拾华
尹艳琼
刘发伦
李春慧
段宗颜
GENG Chuan-xiong;ZHANG Xi;ZHU Hong-ye;LU Yao;CHEN Shi-hua;YIN Yan-qiong;LIU Fa-lun;LI Chun-hui;DUAN Zong-van(Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China;Plant Protection and Inspection Station,Yunnan Tonghai 652700,China;Cash Crops Station of Tonghai County,Yunnan Tonghai 652700,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期1047-1053,共7页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划“露地蔬菜化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2018YFD0201210)
云南省重大科技专项高原特色现代农业领域“蔬菜标准化栽培关键技术集成研究”(2019ZG001-1-2)。
关键词
蔬菜
有机肥
产量
肥料利用率
化肥减施
Vegetable
Organic fertilizer
Yield
Fertilizer utilization
Fertilizer reduction
