摘要
疏于人工管理的城市闲置用地会自发生长出一些植物,混杂无序的生长状态形成荒野自然景观。在荒野状态下自然生长的植被特征最能反映生态自我修复发生的特征。本文对北京林业大学校园一处闲置用地内的自生植被进行了研究,调查分析其生成变化特征、植物种类、优势植物群落、生长条件及周边同种成株的情况,探讨了城市闲置地生态自我修复的初始特征。结果表明,闲置场地封闭管理后,自生植物很快出现,3年后自生植被覆盖了场地近1/3的面积;自生植物绝大多数为乡土植物,草本植物种类多于木本植物;在优势植物群落的构成中木本植物群落和草本植物群落数量相差不大;场地日照充分的情况下,土壤条件的差异对草本植物和木本植物的分布有着明显的影响。研究认为,即便是在生长条件极差的城市环境中,只要停止或降低人为干扰,且具备植物生长的最基本条件(光照、土壤、种源),生态自我修复的现象就能迅速发生;在生态自我修复的初始阶段,乡土植物种类具有明显优势;迅速出现的以乡土乔木为建群种的木本植物群落,提示了城市环境中乡土木本植物的自生现象值得关注和深入研究。
Natural plants would see a free growth in an idle land after an absence of management,leading to spontaneous biological processes that form the wildscape.Such vegetation demonstrates the characteristics of the ecological self-restoration.This paper studies the spontaneous species found on a site in Beijing Forestry University,inventories and analyzes the species,site conditions,possible maternal plants of them,and discusses the changes and characteristics of the community in its early establishment.The results show that several spontaneous plants sprout early,and cover nearly 1/3 of the site 3 years later.Most of spontaneous plant species are native,more of which are herbaceous,while little difference is found between the number of woody communities and that of herbaceous communities.Their distribution is obviously affected by soil conditions when the light is sufficient.This paper concludes that once the human disturbances are stopped or reduced,ecological self-restoration can occur rapidly with essential conditions for growth(light,soils,and seed sources),even poor as urban environment.At the early stage of ecological self-restoration,native plant species dominate obviously.It is worthy of attention to and further study on the spontaneous native woody communities as they emerge rapidly.
作者
尹豪
罗婧
宁雅萱
刘芳妮
肖杰(翻译)
崔婧沄(翻译)
田乐(翻译)
YIN Hao;LUO Jing;NING Yaxuan;LIU Fangni;XIAO Jie;CUI Jingyun;Tina TIAN(Beijing Forestry University;Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,Beijing Forestry University;Landscape Architecture at School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University;不详)
出处
《景观设计学（中英文）》
CSCD
2021年第1期40-51,共12页
Landscape Architecture Frontiers
基金
北京市共建项目(编号:2019GJ-03)
国家重点研发计划项目“乡村生态景观营造关键技术研究”(编号:2019YFD1100400)。
关键词
生态修复
自生植物
荒野景观
城市闲置地
乡土植物
Ecological Restoration
Spontaneous Plant
Wildscape
Urban Idle Land
Native Plants
