摘要
新中国确立了以工业化为核心的国家现代化发展道路,工业建筑曾经是中国建筑界最主要的设计和研究对象,然而中国现代工业建筑的整体历史研究尚相对欠缺。文章从观念和实践的整体关系出发,研究20世纪50—80年代中国现代工业建筑的设计标准化的演变,力图从各时期普遍采用的标准技术和标准化设计方式,来透视中国现代工业建筑史中那些大量建设的工业建筑的历史群像。文章梳理了50年代中期中国对苏联设计标准化的定型化观念的引进与实践,六七十年代对工业建筑构配件的多样化自主探索以及构配件图集的三次集中编制,70年代末到80年代建筑工业化的体系化对工业建筑设计标准化的影响。文章指出,中国引进的苏联模式的建筑工业化中,工业建筑成套定型的设计标准化具有经济上的计划作用,是建筑工业化的核心;中国转向的西方模式的建筑工业化则以构件生产工业化为核心,工业建筑的设计标准化成为建筑体系化的一个部分,服务于市场经济的底层逻辑。
In New China,industrialization was considered the core program of the development path established for the nation’s modernization.Industrial architecture was once the main focus of architectural design and research in China.However,the overall historical research on China’s modern industrial architecture is still relatively behind.Taking the relationship between ideas and practice as the starting point,this article studies the evolution of the standardization of modern Chinese industrial architecture in the 1950s through 1980s,and tries to capture a historical panorama of the modern Chinese industrial buildings that were mass produced at the time through the standard techniques and standardized design methods commonly used in various periods.The article traces how China introduced and practiced the idea of patternization that was applied in the standardization of design in the Soviet Union in the mid-1950s,the independent exploration of diversifying industrial building components and the three centralized compilations of building component illustrations in the 60s and 70s,and the influence that systemization of architectural industrialization had played on the standardization of industrial architecture design from the late 70s through the 80s.The article points out that in the model of architectural industrialization that China borrowed from the Soviet Union,the standardization of design that patternized industrial architecture in sets had a function of economic planning and served as the core of architectural industrialization.The western model of architectural industrialization that China has turned to is based on the industrialization of component production.The standardization of architectural design has become a part of architectural systemization,serving the underlying logic of market economy.
作者
彭怒
李凌洲
PENG Nu;LI Lingzhou
出处
《时代建筑》
2021年第3期49-57,共9页
Time + Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978471)。
关键词
中国现代工业建筑史
建筑工业化
设计标准化
定型设计
定型化
体系化
工业厂房建筑体系化
History of Chinese Modern Industrial Architecture
Architectural Industrialization
Standardization of Design
Patternized Design
Patternization
Systematization
Systematization of Industrial Plant Construction
